214 American Anthropologist Vol. 112, No. 2 June 2010 t on dozens of radio and television shows te opologists working discuss the situation in Honduras itarized contexts in 2010 is to find a constructive avenue for Many public anthropologists released the results of their applying our ethnographic findings to advocate for social jus research on the environmental, socioeconomic, and health tice and human rights. This is especially thorny given that our effects of military presence across the world this year. New ernment sul pports peace through war and, thus, increased titles in 2009 include Catherine Lutz,'s Bases of Empire: The militarization. The role of U. S anthropology becomes that Global Struggle against U.S. Military Posts(2009), which inter- of providing nuance to the effects of governmental policy on rogates the political, environmental, and economic impact the peoples and cultures of the world during this seemingly of these bases on their surrounding communities across the contradictory moment where, on the one hand, there is globe, and David Vine's Island of Shame: The Secret History global movement toward a peace agenda based on universal of the U.S. Military Base on Diego Garcia(2009), which de- human rights while, on the other hand, there are several tails the forced relocation of the indigenous Chagossian examples from 2009 of u.S. support for the increased mili- from Diego Garcia by the United States so that the u.S. tarization of the world. could build a naval base vine documents the human rights abuses--extreme poverty, lack of compensation, and health PUBLIC ARCHAEOLOGY, MUSEUMS, problems-that were covered up the United States AND CULTURAL HERITAGE Tone Bleie, Jennifer Hays, and Robert Hitchcock par- Museums and archaeology continued to increase their civic icipated in the 2009 Forum for Development Coopera- engagementin 2009 Collaborative Anthropologies contains sev- tion with Indigenous Peoples conference, "Violent Con- eral examples of collaborative archaeological research in flicts, Ceasefires, and Peace Accords through the Lens of cluding the work of Liam Brady, Elizabeth Chilton, T. J Indigenous Peoples, held at the University of Tromso in Ferguson, Siobhan Hart, Michael Heckenberger, Sunny Ly Norway, on October 22-23, 2009. The conference came barger, Nicholas C. Laluk, Barbara Mills, Wendi Field Mur at a time when conflict, war, and intergroup struggles af- ray, and Nancy Parezo. In 2009, these anthropologists have fecting indigenous peoples across the world were(and are) collectively used their expertise in support of land claims heightening. The meeting, s objectives were to develop sus- and land-use rights, to aid descendent groups in the federal tainable strategies for addressing violence, negotiating peace recognition process in the United States, and in develop- accords, and addressing postconfict issues. Anthropologists archaeological resources for public display and contributions included outlining strategies to manage con ultural tourism( Lassiter 2009: 3-4). For instance, Michael flicts(e.g, supporting traditional mechanisms of address- Heckenberger's ethnoarchaeological work with the Kuikuro ing disputes)and developing postconflict reconstruction and in the Amazon illuminated ancestral places for the Kuikora development programs, as seen, for example, in the Chit Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh's(2009)and Jordan tagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, where a new commission Jacobs's(2009) work on the repatriation of human re- is in place, and in Guatemala, where indigenous peoples are mains and sacred artifacts pursuant to the Native Ameri- orking with anthropologists and others in the implemen- can Graves Protection and Repatriation Act is illustrative tation of the peace accord of the sustained and meaningful collaborative working re gh Gusterson(2009a)explored the increasing u.S. lationships being fostered among archaeologists, museum militarization of the world in his column for the Bulletin anthropologists, and the Native American co of the Atomic Scientists. In addition to exploring the expen are expanding our intellectual understanding of identity and and symbolism of u.S. overseas military bases, Gusterson's heritage nonthly column serves as an example of anthropologists n 2009, Robert Connolly introduced a shift in how keeping journalists on mark by painting a fuller picture of exhibits are created at Memphis's C. H. Nash Museum at the relationships among nuclear weapons, global power, Chucalissa, situated on a late-prehistoric earthwork com- war,and peace. For example, Gusterson(2009b)expands plex, by inviting the Chocktaw and Chickasaw to move fror our knowledge beyond the New York Times reporting on " actors to director and producers"of new exhibit creation he recently completed Lawrence Livermore National Lab- In a similar vein, in 2010 the museum will hire and train oratory's National Ignition Facility(NIF), showing that, al- area high school students to create an exhibit on the African though the press has publicized the facility as a potential sav- American experie ence In ior to our nations energy problems, it was funded through Hoerig has maintained a commitment to integrate the the nuclear-weapons budget and serves as a training site for Apache community into the museum planning in his role the next generation of nuclear-weapons scientists as the director of Nohwike' Bagowa(House of Our Foot Scott Atran brought anthropologically driven recom- prints), the White Mountain Apache Cultural Center and mendations on U.S. policy and intelligence gathering Museum, in Fort Apache, Arizona. Besides simple exhibit al Qaeda and related terrorist efforts to massive numb creation, the goals of public archaeologists like those men- of people through his New York Times article, To Beat Al tioned here are to promote cultural heritage as a tool of Queda, Look to the East, "which ran in the Opinion Section empowerment and to invite descendent community voices in December of 2009(Atran 2009) to be stakeholders and active voices in shaping the direction214 American Anthropologist • Vol. 112, No. 2 • June 2010 and as a guest on dozens of radio and television shows to discuss the situation in Honduras. Many public anthropologists released the results of their research on the environmental, socioeconomic, and health effects of military presence across the world this year. New titles in 2009 include Catherine Lutz’s Bases of Empire: The Global Struggle against U.S. Military Posts (2009), which inter￾rogates the political, environmental, and economic impact of these bases on their surrounding communities across the globe, and David Vine’s Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S. Military Base on Diego Garcia (2009), which de￾tails the forced relocation of the indigenous Chagossians from Diego Garcia by the United States so that the U.S. could build a naval base. Vine documents the human rights abuses—extreme poverty, lack of compensation, and health problems—that were covered up the United States. Tone Bleie, Jennifer Hays, and Robert Hitchcock par￾ticipated in the 2009 Forum for Development Coopera￾tion with Indigenous Peoples conference, “Violent Con- flicts, Ceasefires, and Peace Accords through the Lens of Indigenous Peoples,” held at the University of Tromso in Norway, on October 22–23, 2009. The conference came at a time when conflict, war, and intergroup struggles af￾fecting indigenous peoples across the world were (and are) heightening. The meeting’s objectives were to develop sus￾tainable strategies for addressing violence, negotiating peace accords, and addressing postconflict issues. Anthropologists’ contributions included outlining strategies to manage con- flicts (e.g., supporting traditional mechanisms of address￾ing disputes) and developing postconflict reconstruction and development programs, as seen, for example, in the Chit￾tagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, where a new commission is in place, and in Guatemala, where indigenous peoples are working with anthropologists and others in the implemen￾tation of the peace accords. Hugh Gusterson (2009a) explored the increasing U.S. militarization of the world in his column for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. In addition to exploring the expense and symbolism of U.S. overseas military bases, Gusterson’s monthly column serves as an example of anthropologists keeping journalists on mark by painting a fuller picture of the relationships among nuclear weapons, global power, war, and peace. For example, Gusterson (2009b) expands our knowledge beyond the New York Times reporting on the recently completed Lawrence Livermore National Lab￾oratory’s National Ignition Facility (NIF), showing that, al￾though the press has publicized the facility as a potential sav￾ior to our nation’s energy problems, it was funded through the nuclear-weapons budget and serves as a training site for the next generation of nuclear-weapons scientists. Scott Atran brought anthropologically driven recom￾mendations on U.S. policy and intelligence gathering on al Qaeda and related terrorist efforts to massive numbers of people through his New York Times article, “To Beat Al Queda, Look to the East,” which ran in the Opinion Section in December of 2009 (Atran 2009). The challenge for U.S. anthropologists working in mil￾itarized contexts in 2010 is to find a constructive avenue for applying our ethnographic findings to advocate for social jus￾tice and human rights. This is especially thorny given that our government supports peacethrough war and,thus, increased militarization. The role of U.S. anthropology becomes that of providing nuance to the effects of governmental policy on the peoples and cultures of the world during this seemingly contradictory moment where, on the one hand, there is global movement toward a peace agenda based on universal human rights while, on the other hand, there are several examples from 2009 of U.S. support for the increased mili￾tarization of the world. PUBLIC ARCHAEOLOGY, MUSEUMS, AND CULTURAL HERITAGE Museums and archaeology continued to increase their civic engagement in 2009. Collaborative Anthropologiescontains sev￾eral examples of collaborative archaeological research in￾cluding the work of Liam Brady, Elizabeth Chilton, T. J. Ferguson, Siobhan Hart, Michael Heckenberger, Sunny Ly￾barger, Nicholas C. Laluk, Barbara Mills, Wendi Field Mur￾ray, and Nancy Parezo. In 2009, these anthropologists have collectively used their expertise in support of land claims and land-use rights, to aid descendent groups in the federal recognition process in the United States, and in develop￾ing archaeological resources for public display and attracting cultural tourism (Lassiter 2009:3–4). For instance, Michael Heckenberger’s ethnoarchaeological work with the Kuikuro in the Amazon illuminated ancestral places for the Kuikora. Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh’s (2009) and Jordan Jacobs’s (2009) work on the repatriation of human re￾mains and sacred artifacts pursuant to the Native Ameri￾can Graves Protection and Repatriation Act is illustrative of the sustained and meaningful collaborative working re￾lationships being fostered among archaeologists, museum anthropologists, and the Native American community that are expanding our intellectual understanding of identity and heritage. In 2009, Robert Connolly introduced a shift in how exhibits are created at Memphis’s C. H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa, situated on a late-prehistoric earthwork com￾plex, by inviting the Chocktaw and Chickasaw to move from “actors to director and producers” of new exhibit creation. In a similar vein, in 2010 the museum will hire and train area high school students to create an exhibit on the African American experience in the region. Like Connolly, Karl Hoerig has maintained a commitment to integrate the Apache community into the museum planning in his role as the director of Nohwike’ Bagowa (House of Our Foot- ´ prints), the White Mountain Apache Cultural Center and Museum, in Fort Apache, Arizona. Besides simple exhibit creation, the goals of public archaeologists like those men￾tioned here are to promote cultural heritage as a tool of empowerment and to invite descendent community voices to be stakeholders and active voices in shaping the direction