viii Contents 6 Trotsky 7 Lenin 92 The Party Revolution Imperialist 101 The state 103 The national question 108 Philosophy 110 8 Russian marxism in the 1920s 123 War Communism 123 The New Economic Policy Socialism in One Country Art and philosophy 133 9 Stalinism 141 Industry, agriculture and party 141 Stalin as theoretician 145 Trotskys critique of Stalinism 148 10 Post- Stalin Communism 155 PART THREE EUROPEAN MARXISM BETWEEN THE WARS 11 Lukacs 171 12 Korsch 13 Council Communism 185 14 gramsci 190 Introduction 190 The Turin Council movement The prison Notebooks 195 PART FOUR CHINA AND THE THIRD WORLD 15 The Making of the Chinese Revolution 217 217 Mao and the peasantry 219 Revolutionary strategy 221