Marxism after Marx Fourth Edition David McLellan palgrave macmillan
Also by david mclellan THE YOUNG HEGELIANS AND KARL MARX MARX BEFORE MARXISM KARL MARX: the Early Texts MARX'S GRUNDRISSE KARL MARX: His Life and Thought MARX ENGELS KARL MARX: Selected writings SIMONE WEIL: Utopian Pessimist UNTO CAESAR: the Political Relevance of Christianity
0-08 Marxism after Marx. /164 200 Fourth edition David McLellan pangram a dVe 3161342971
o David mclellan1979,1980,1998,2007 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted ave with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIT 4L Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication ay be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 First, second and third editions published 1979, 1980 and 1998 by This edition published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN HoundmiLls, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St Martins Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd Macmillan is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries SBN13:9781-40399727-2 hardback ISBN-10 1-4039-9727-6 hardback SBN13:978-1-403997289 paperback ISBN-10: 1-4039-9728-4 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recyding and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McLellan David Marxism after Marx/ David McLellan ,-4th ed Indudes bibliographical references and index. SBN-10:1-40399727-6(coth ISBN13:978-1-403997289(pbk) SBN-10:1-403997284(pbk) 1. Communism-History I. Title. HX36M42007 3554309dc22 2006047819 10987654321 16151413121110090807 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne
For gabrielle and stephanie
Contents Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Fourth Edition xiii Introduction: The Legacy of Marx PART ONE THE GERMAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS 1 The Contribution of Engels Philosophy History 12 Politics 2 The Revisionist Controversy The spread of Marxism outside germany The origins of German revisionism Economics 26 Sociology Politics 31 Philosophy and historical materialism 34 Conclusion 3 The radicals Introduction Luxemburg: social reform or revolution 45 Luxemburg: consciousness and activity Luxemburg: imperialism The split in the SPD 4 Austro-Marxism PART TWO RUSSIAN MARXISM 5 Origins 69 Marx, Engels and Plekhanov The founding of the RSDLP 73 The Bolshevik-Menshevik split
viii Contents 6 Trotsky 7 Lenin 92 The Party Revolution Imperialist 101 The state 103 The national question 108 Philosophy 110 8 Russian marxism in the 1920s 123 War Communism 123 The New Economic Policy Socialism in One Country Art and philosophy 133 9 Stalinism 141 Industry, agriculture and party 141 Stalin as theoretician 145 Trotskys critique of Stalinism 148 10 Post- Stalin Communism 155 PART THREE EUROPEAN MARXISM BETWEEN THE WARS 11 Lukacs 171 12 Korsch 13 Council Communism 185 14 gramsci 190 Introduction 190 The Turin Council movement The prison Notebooks 195 PART FOUR CHINA AND THE THIRD WORLD 15 The Making of the Chinese Revolution 217 217 Mao and the peasantry 219 Revolutionary strategy 221
Guerrilla warfare 227 ys philosophy 228 16 Maoism in Power 235 The path of economic development 235 Class and contradiction 2 The Party and the masse 243 Historical materialism 253 The Sino-Soviet dispute Maoism: a conclusion 258 Asian Marxism outside china 260 17 Latin America Introduction Cuba 271 Regis debray 273 Liberation theology 18 Marxism and Underdevelopment 286 PART FIVE CONTEMPORARY MARXISM IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES Introduction 295 19 The Frankfurt School 297 The school and politics 297 Critical theory 300 The impact of psychoanalysis and fascism 303 Aesthetics 306 Marcuse 310 Habermas 315 20 Existentialist Marxism 325 ntroduction 325 Sartre 329 Arguments and the theorists of the 'New Working Class' 336 21 Italian Marxism 344 22 Structuralist Marxism 348 23 British Marxism 358
x Contents 24 Marxism in the united States 368 Histor Theory 377 Market socialism and analytical marxism 386 389 Globalisation and empire 390 25 Postmodern Marxism Conclusion 419 Chronological Table A Marxist genealogy 436 Further publications 437 Index 443
Preface to the first edition The varieties of Marxism over the last 100 years are so manifold and, at times, so subtle that any survey that aims to be fairly comprehensive is bound also to be fairly superficial. What I have tried to do is to describe the development of Marxist ideas. In order to make sense of this devel opment, a minimum of reference to their political, social and economic context is necessary; but I have not attempted to give a history of Marxism as a movement. i hope to have provided the basic information for any reader interested either in the evolution of Marxist doctrine as a whole or in the specific ideas of, say, Gramsci or Althusser. Since my text is intended only to be introductory, I have added to each section a sub stantial further reading list divided into a commentary section(to give the reader some, albeit subjective, guide as to the content of the books) and a larger section of purely bibliographical references Gay Sharp has improved the style of the book on virtually every page Tony Trivelli helped me substantially with the chapter on Gramsci; Nick Caswell and Jacqui Powell did the groundwork for the bibliography; and Joyce Macrae and Mary Nash prepared the final typescript splendidly D M Canterbury tember 1978
