Karl marx selected writings Edited by David mclellan OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Karl Marx selected writings Edited by David McLellan 1
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street. Oxford ox2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc, New York Introduction and Compilation O David McLellan 200o The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press(maker) First published I9 Second edition 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN O-I9-878265-9 Typeset by Refine Catch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall
3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris São Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York Introduction and Compilation © David McLellan 2000 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 1977 Second Edition 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN 0–19–878265–9 Typeset by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall
For Raphaelle and Arthur
For Raphaelle and Arthur
Note to second edition In the two decades and more since this book was first published, an enormous amount of material on Marx has been produced. I have therefore made a major effort to update both the bibliographies for the individual extracts and also the general bibliography. I have added an introduction to each of the five main sections to enable the reader to have an overview of Marx's concerns at each stage of his thought. I am grateful to Nicola Cooper for her professional expertise in producing this new version and to Helly Langley for her generous encouragement and support. David McLellan anwary 2000
Note to Second Edition In the two decades and more since this book was first published, an enormous amount of material on Marx has been produced. I have therefore made a major effort to update both the bibliographies for the individual extracts and also the general bibliography. I have, too, added an introduction to each of the five main sections to enable the reader to have an overview of Marx’s concerns at each stage of his thought. I am grateful to Nicola Cooper for her professional expertise in producing this new version and to Helly Langley for her generous encouragement and support. David McLellan January 2000
Contents Abbreviations Introduction I The early Writings 1837-1844 Introduction 1 Letter to his father 2 Doctoral thesis From the notes to the dissertation 3 Articles for the rheinische Zeitung On the Freedom of the press The Leading Article of the Kolnische Zeitung Communism and the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung The law on thefts of wood Letter to Arnold Ruge On the estates committees in Prussia Defence of the Moselle correspondent 4 Critique of Hegel's 'Philosophy of Right On Hegel's Dialectic On Democracy On Bureaucracy On Voting 5 A Correspondence of 1843 43 6 On the Jewish Question On The Jewish Question II The Capacity of Present-day Jews and Christians to Become Free 64 7 Towards a Critique of Hegels philosophy of Right: Introduction 71 8 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts Alienated Labour Private Property and Communism Critique of Hegel's Dialectic and General Philosophy 104 On Money 9 Letter to Ludwig Feuerbach 100nJ Mill 124
Contents Abbreviations xii Introduction 1 I The Early Writings 1837–1844 3 Introduction 5 1 Letter to his Father 9 2 Doctoral Thesis 15 Preface 15 From the Notes to the Dissertation 17 3 Articles for the Rheinische Zeitung 22 On the Freedom of the Press 22 The Leading Article of the Kölnische Zeitung 23 Communism and the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung 25 The Law on Thefts of Wood 26 Letter to Arnold Ruge 28 On the Estates Committees in Prussia 29 Defence of the Moselle Correspondent 29 4 Critique of Hegel’s ‘Philosophy of Right’ 32 On Hegel’s Dialectic 32 On Democracy 33 On Bureaucracy 36 On Voting 38 5 A Correspondence of 1843 43 6 On the Jewish Question 46 I On The Jewish Question 46 II The Capacity of Present-day Jews and Christians to Become Free 64 7 Towards a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right: Introduction 71 8 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts 83 Preface 83 Alienated Labour 85 Private Property and Communism 95 Critique of Hegel’s Dialectic and General Philosophy 104 On Money 118 9 Letter to Ludwig Feuerbach 122 10 On James Mill 124
CONTENTS 1 Critical Remarks on the Article: 'The King of Prussia and social Reform II The materialist conception of history 1844-1847 Introduction 141 12 The Holy Family 145 On Proudhon 146 Alienation and the proletariat On Idealist Philosophy 150 The Idealist View of History 153 The Jewish Question Revisited 159 French Materialism and the Origins of Socialism 13 Theses on Feuerbach 171 14 The German Ideology 175 Preface The Premisses of the materialist Method 176 Private Property and Communism 184 Communism and History 187 Communist Revolution 196 Egoism and Ce Power as the Basis of right 200 Utilitarianism 201 Artistic Talent under communism The Free Development of Individuals in Communist Society 15 Letter to Annenkov 209 16 The Poverty of Philosophy 212 Value and Labour time 212 Class Antagonism 215 Method in Political Economy 215 On Strike 230 17 Moralizing Criticism and Critical Morality 234 1848 and after Introduction 239 18 The communist manifesto 245 I Bourgeois and Proletarians 246 II Proletarians and Communists 255 Socialist and Communist Literature Iv Position of the Communists in Relation to the various Existing Opposition Parties 270 19 Wage-Labour and capital
viii | contents 11 Critical Remarks on the Article: ‘The King of Prussia and Social Reform’ 134 II The materialist conception of history 1844–1847 139 Introduction 141 12 The Holy Family 145 On Proudhon 146 Alienation and the Proletariat 148 On Idealist Philosophy 150 The Idealist View of History 153 The Jewish Question Revisited 159 The French Revolution 161 French Materialism and the Origins of Socialism 163 13 Theses on Feuerbach 171 14 The German Ideology 175 Preface 175 The Premisses of the Materialist Method 176 Private Property and Communism 184 Communism and History 187 Communist Revolution 196 Egoism and Communism 198 Power as the Basis of Right 200 Utilitarianism 201 Artistic Talent under Communism 205 The Free Development of Individuals in Communist Society 207 15 Letter to Annenkov 209 16 The Poverty of Philosophy 212 Value and Labour Time 212 Class Antagonism 215 Method in Political Economy 215 On Strikes 230 17 Moralizing Criticism and Critical Morality 234 III 1848 and after 237 Introduction 239 18 The Communist Manifesto 245 I Bourgeois and Proletarians 246 II Proletarians and Communists 255 III Socialist and Communist Literature 262 IV Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties 270 19 Wage-Labour and Capital 273
CONTENTS 20 Speech on Free Trade 295 21 Articles for the Neue Rheinische Zeitung 297 The Revolution in Germany England and the Revolution 299 Marx's Defence Speech at his Trial 300 22 Address to the communist League 23 The Class struggles in france 24 Speech to the central committee of the communist League 25 The Eighteenth brumaire of Louis bonaparte 329 26 Journalism of the 1850s 356 British political parties 356 The Future results of british rule in india 27 Speech on the Anniversary of the People's Paper 368 28 Letters1848-1857 370 Prospects for Revolution in Europe 370 Class Struggle and the dictatorship of the proletariat 371 The army and Historical Materialism Iv The ' economics'1857-1867 373 Introduction 9 Grundrisse 379 General introduction The Social Character of Production 395 The Rise and Downfall of Capitalism 397 Alienated labour 400 Machinery, Automation, Free Time, and Communi 405 30 Preface to A Critique of Political Economy 31 Theories of Surplus value 429 Alienated Labour in Capitalist Society 429 Unproductive Labour 431 Peasants and Artisans in Capitalist Society Ricardo and the value of labour Ricardo and Surplus Value 435 Ricardo and the middle class 445 Production and Consumption The Unhistorical Outlook of Classical Economy 447 The Progress of Capitalist Production: A Summary 449
contents | ix 20 Speech on Free Trade 295 21 Articles for the Neue Rheinische Zeitung 297 The Revolution in Germany 297 England and the Revolution 299 Taxes 299 Marx’s Defence Speech at his Trial 300 22 Address to the Communist League 303 23 The Class Struggles in France 313 24 Speech to the Central Committee of the Communist League 326 25 The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 329 26 Journalism of the 1850s 356 British Political Parties 356 The Future Results of British Rule in India 362 27 Speech on the Anniversary of the People’s Paper 368 28 Letters 1848–1857 370 Prospects for Revolution in Europe 370 Class Struggle and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat 371 The Army and Historical Materialism 372 IV The ‘economics’ 1857–1867 373 Introduction 375 29 Grundrisse 379 General Introduction 380 The Social Character of Production 395 The Rise and Downfall of Capitalism 397 Alienated Labour 400 Machinery, Automation, Free Time, and Communism 405 30 Preface to A Critique of Political Economy 424 31 Theories of Surplus Value 429 Alienated Labour in Capitalist Society 429 Unproductive Labour 431 Peasants and Artisans in Capitalist Society 432 Ricardo and the Value of Labour 434 Ricardo and Surplus Value 435 Ricardo and the Middle Class 445 Production and Consumption 446 The Unhistorical Outlook of Classical Economy 447 The Progress of Capitalist Production: A Summary 449
CONTENTS 32 Capital A. From Volume One From the Prefaces 452 Commodities: Use-Value and Exchange-valr 458 The Fetishism of Commodities 472 Exchang he General Formula for Capital The sale of labour Power The Production of Surplus Value Constant and Variable Capital 508 The Rate of Surplus value 510 The Working Day 512 The division of labour The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation 515 Primitive accumulation 521 The Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation 523 From volume Three The Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall 526 The Trinity Formula 530 33 Results of the immediate process of production Alienation in the productive process Capitalism as a Stage towards Socialism 550 Factory Worker and Artisan Productive and Unproductive Labour 551 Alienated labour The Reproduction of the Capitalist Relationship 34 Letters1858-1868 562 Marx on hi conomIcs 562 On Darwin 565 On Machinery v Later political writings 1864-1882 Introduction 571 35 Inaugural Address to the First International 575 36 On Trade unions 583 37 The Civil War in france 584 From the Published Version 584 From the drafts 596
x | contents 32 Capital 452 A. From Volume One From the Prefaces 452 Commodities: Use-Value and Exchange-Value 458 The Fetishism of Commodities 472 Exchange and Money 481 The General Formula for Capital 482 The Sale of Labour Power 488 The Production of Surplus Value 492 Constant and Variable Capital 508 The Rate of Surplus Value 510 The Working Day 512 The Division of Labour 513 The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation 515 Primitive Accumulation 521 The Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation 523 B. From Volume Three The Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall 526 The Trinity Formula 530 Classes 544 33 Results of the Immediate Process of Production 547 Alienation in the Productive Process 547 Capitalism as a Stage towards Socialism 550 Factory Worker and Artisan 551 Productive and Unproductive Labour 551 Alienated Labour 554 The Reproduction of the Capitalist Relationship 556 34 Letters 1858–1868 562 Marx on his ‘Economics’ 562 On Darwin 565 On Machinery 565 V Later political writings 1864–1882 569 Introduction 571 35 Inaugural Address to the First International 575 36 On Trade Unions 583 37 The Civil War in France 584 From the Published Version 584 From the Drafts 596
CONTENTS 38 Preface to the second German Edition of the communist Manifesto 39 On Bakunin's Statism and Anarchy 606 40 Critique of the Gotha Programme 41 Letter to Mikhailovsky 42 Circular letter 620 43 Letter to vera sassoulitch 623 Letter Comments on Adolph Wagner Preface to the russian edition of the communist manifesto 631 46 Letters1863-1881 633 On Working-class Consciousness On Ireland 638 On the Commune 640 On violent revolution 642 Chronological Table Index of names 665 Index of Subjects 673
contents | xi 38 Preface to the Second German Edition of the Communist Manifesto 604 39 On Bakunin’s Statism and Anarchy 606 40 Critique of the Gotha Programme 610 41 Letter to Mikhailovsky 617 42 Circular Letter 620 43 Letter to Vera Sassoulitch 623 Letter 623 From the Drafts 624 44 Comments on Adolph Wagner 629 45 Preface to the Russian Edition of the Communist Manifesto 631 46 Letters 1863–1881 633 On Working-class Consciousness 633 On Ireland 638 On the Commune 640 On Violent Revolution 642 Chronological Table 645 Bibliography 647 Index of Names 665 Index of Subjects 673
Abbreviations MEGA K Marx, F. Engels, Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe Werke, Schriften Briefe, 13 vols. Completed, Frankfurt, Berlin and Moscow, 1927 ff. MESC K Marx, F. Engels, Selected Correspondence, Moscow, 1935 MESW K Marx, F. Engels, Selected Works, Moscow, 1935, 2 vols MEW K Marx, F. Engels, Werke, 4l vols Berlin, 1956 ff
Abbreviations MEGA K. Marx, F. Engels, Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe. Werke, Schriften, Briefe, 13 vols. Completed, Frankfurt, Berlin, and Moscow, 1927 ff. MESC K. Marx, F. Engels, Selected Correspondence, Moscow, 1935. MESW K. Marx, F. Engels, Selected Works, Moscow, 1935, 2 vols. MEW K. Marx, F. Engels, Werke, 41 vols, Berlin, 1956 ff
