3. Reaction to physical and chemical agents 4. Viral Multiplication and stages of replication(adhesion, entry, uncoating, synthesis, assembly and release) Lecture Fifteen Viral Heredity &variation 1. Genetics of animal viruses 2. Mechanisms of viral gene mutation 3. Defective interfering particle, defective virus 4. Classification of viruses Lecture Sixteen Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis 1. Viral infection and transmission 2. Mechanism of viral pathogenesis: cytopathic effect, immune pathogenesis and Immune escape 3. Forms of viral infection, viral persistent infection(viral horizontal transmission and vertical transr characteristics of chronic virus infection. latent virus infection, and slow virus infection) 4. Viral infection and tumors Lecture Seventeen: Human Immune Response to viral Infections Control of viral diseases 1. Innate immunity: IFN classification, characteristics, and anti-viral activity: function of nK cells and complement against viral infection 2. Specific cellular immunity: two antigen presenting pathways to activate t cells, anti-viral mechanisms of CTL 3. Antibody production and its mechanisms of action against viral infection; concepts of Neutralizing antibody, Haemagglutination inhib ition antibodies Complement fixation antibody 4. Principles of viral vaccine design and development 5. Anti-viral chemotherapy and mechanisms 6. Clinical application of anti-viral drugs nucleoside analogs, amantad ine, Interferon, protease inhibitor, Chinese herbal medicine and gene therapy Lecture Eighteen Laboratory diagnosis of virus Infection Antivirus Therapy 1. Laboratory Diagnosis of Virus Infection (1)Specimen collection and submission (2) Cultivation assays for virus (3)Purification identification of virus (4)Serological tests and rapid diagnostic tests 2. Prevention and treatment of viral infection (1)Antivirus Chemotherapy (IFN, nucleoside analogs, reverse transcriptase inhibitors protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, etc (2)Viral vaccines(Killed -virus vaccine, live-virus vaccine) Lecture Nineteen Orthomyxovirus and Paramyxovirus8 / 11 3. Reaction to physical and chemical agents 4. Viral Multiplication and stages of replication(adhesion, entry, uncoating, synthesis, assembly and release) Lecture Fifteen Viral Heredity &Variation 1. Genetics of animal viruses 2. Mechanisms of viral gene mutation 3. Defective interfering particle, defective virus 4. Classification of viruses Lecture Sixteen Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis 1. Viral infection and transmission 2. Mechanism of viral pathogenesis：cytopathic effect, immune pathogenesis and immune escape 3. Forms of viral infection, viral persistent infection (viral horizontal transmission and vertical transmission; the characteristics of chronic virus infection, latent virus infection, and slow virus infection) 4. Viral infection and tumors Lecture Seventeen: Human Immune Response to viral Infections & Control of viral diseases 1. Innate immunity：IFN classification, characteristics, and anti-viral activity； function of NK cells and complement against viral infection 2. Specific cellular immunity：two antigen presenting pathways to activate T cells, anti-viral mechanisms of CTL 3. Antibody production and its mechanisms of action against viral infection； concepts of Neutralizing antibody, Haemagglutination inhibition antibodies, Complement fixation antibody 4. Principles of viral vaccine design and development 5. Anti-viral chemotherapy and mechanisms 6. Clinical application of anti-viral drugs ： nucleoside analogs, amantadine, Interferon, protease inhibitor, Chinese herbal medicine and gene therapy Lecture Eighteen Laboratory Diagnosis of Virus Infection & Antivirus Therapy 1． Laboratory Diagnosis of Virus Infection (1) Specimen collection and submission (2) Cultivation & assays for virus (3) Purification & identification of virus (4) Serological tests and rapid diagnostic tests 2. Prevention and treatment of viral infection (1) Antivirus Chemotherapy (IFN, nucleoside analogs, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, etc.) (2) Viral vaccines (Killed –virus vaccine, live-virus vaccine) Lecture Nineteen Orthomyxovirus and Paramyxovirus