CAPITVLVM DVODEVICESIMVM CAP.XVIⅢI Hoc magna benevolentia dixit ne eos offenderet. He said this with great kindness in order that he might not offend them.( Saltus erat angustus,ut paucT GraecT multos milites prohibere possent. The pass was narrow,so that a few Greeks were able to stop many soldiers.(结果从旬 (在最末例中，主句无标志性词语如ita或tam,然而从上下文中可清晰辨认该句为结果从 句) 间接问句： 用虚拟动词，由疑问词quis/quid,qui/quae/quod,quam,quando,ci,ubi,unde,unter,utrum..an (whether...or),-ne等引进：主句中动词往往是有言语、思想活动或者感觉感知行为的含义 (包括很多可接间接引语的主句动词，见第二十五课列表)。 从句动词用虚拟语气，翻译成直陈语气。 Quid Gaius facit? Quid Gaius fecit? Quid Gaius faciet? Rogant quid Gaius faciat. Rogant quid Gaius fecerit. Rogant quid Gaius facturus sit Cum从句 cum作为介词的用法我们已经熟悉，同时cum也可作连词，意为“当..时when,自从since, 虽然although”引导关系从句。 有些时候cum引导的从句动词为直陈式，尤其是当描述动作行为的具体时间时。这种从句 被称为cum temporal clauses'”。cum在引导时间从句时翻译为当...时(when)或正当... 时(while):tum有时候会出现在主句中，cum.tum在一起则翻译为no1only.but also不仅.… 而且： cum eum videbis,eum cognosces When you (will)see him,you will recognize him. cum vincimus,tum pacem speras. When/while we are winning,you are (at the same time)hoping for peace. Cum ad illum locum venerant,tum amicos contulerant. When they had come to that place,they had brought their friends. OR:Not only had they come to that place,but they had also brought their friends. 更常见的是cum从句的虚拟语气，尤其当它描述主句动作行为发生的大致环境（而非确切 时间)（被称为“cum circumstantial clause”),或解释主句动作行为的原因（被称为“cm causal),或者描述可能会阻碍主句动作行为的事件(“cum adversative'”): cum hoc fecisset,ad te fugit.(circumstantial) cum hoc sciret,potuit eos iuvare.(causal) cum hoc sciret,tamen milites misit.(adversative) cum Gaium diligeremus,non poteramus eum iuvare.(adversative)CAPITVLVM DVODEVICESIMVM CAP.XVIII Hoc magnā benevolentiā dīxit nē eōs offenderet. He said this with great kindness in order that he might not offend them.(目的从句) Saltus erat angustus, ut paucī Graecī multōs mīlitēs prohibēre possent. The pass was narrow, so that a few Greeks were able to stop many soldiers.(结果从句) （在最末例中，主句无标志性词语如 ita 或 tam，然而从上下文中可清晰辨认该句为结果从 句） 间接问句： 用虚拟动词，由疑问词 quis/quid, quī/quae/quod, quam, quandō, cūr, ubi, unde, unter, utrum...an （whether...or）, -ne 等引进；主句中动词往往是有言语、思想活动或者感觉感知行为的含义 （包括很多可接间接引语的主句动词，见第二十五课列表）。 从句动词用虚拟语气，翻译成直陈语气。 Quid Gāius facit? Quid Gāius fēcit? Quid Gāius faciet? Rogant quid Gāius faciat. Rogant quid Gaius fēcerit. Rogant quid Gaius factūrus sit Cum 从句 cum 作为介词的用法我们已经熟悉，同时 cum 也可作连词，意为“当……时 when, 自从 since， 虽然 although”引导关系从句。 有些时候 cum 引导的从句动词为直陈式，尤其是当描述动作行为的具体时间时。这种从句 被称为“cum temporal clauses”。cum 在引导时间从句时翻译为当……时（when）或正当…… 时（while）；tum 有时候会出现在主句中，cum...tum 在一起则翻译为 not only...but also 不仅…… 而且： cum eum vidēbis, eum cognōscēs. When you (will) see him, you will recognize him. cum vincimus, tum pācem spērās. When/while we are winning, you are (at the same time) hoping for peace. Cum ad illum locum vēnerant, tum amīcōs contulerant. When they had come to that place, they had brought their friends. OR: Not only had they come to that place, but they had also brought their friends. 更常见的是 cum 从句的虚拟语气，尤其当它描述主句动作行为发生的大致环境（而非确切 时间）（被称为“cum circumstantial clause”），或解释主句动作行为的原因（被称为“cum causal”），或者描述可能会阻碍主句动作行为的事件（“cum adversative”）： cum hoc fēcisset, ad tē fūgit. (circumstantial) cum hoc scīret, potuit eōs iuvāre. (causal) cum hoc scīret, tamen mīlitēs mīsit. (adversative) cum Gāium dīligerēmus, nōn poterāmus eum iuvāre. (adversative)