QOL Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis 835 limitations due to emotional health,and mental (tility score)that describes a particular health health).as well as two summary score each for he physical and mental state Utilities are derived from health status by provement in any of the domains of three points is considered to be a change that represents the MCID. The SF-36 is one of the most commonly used HR- ealth st perfect he worse than death can Q0 50 diferent languages. Two common health utilities are the standard 3.2 Health Utilities gamble and the time trade-off,which assess what trade-offs (such as increased risk of death or how many months of life)the patient would make for a better health state.37 Scores on these tests may uating different domains,generic health utilities are range from 0.0 to 1.0.Another type of approach is measures that summarize HR-QOL as a single value the rating scale and as described above,patients rate stics of c used hea -related au of-ite (HR-OOL)instruments in rheumatoid arthritis (RA to Adva Generic measures HAQ-DI 20 5 Can be diseases and May not be as sensitive to ss di may o SF-36 36 5 Ca aom ms,heah and y3e-p9cfC age ranges;self-administered 67 15 30 diae ,6 Ith utility me HUI2 405 or Provides a single HR-QOL number re,p HUI3 15 or As above As above nion,pain edery.emoton SF-6D 11 As above As above E0-5D° As above As above a Five items plus HAQ-DI=Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index HUI=Health Utilities Index 2008 Adis Data Information BV.All rights resorved Phamocooconomics 2008:26 (10) QOL Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis 835 limitations due to emotional health, and mental (utility score) that describes a particular health health), as well as two summary scores, one each for state.[37] Utilities are derived from health status by the physical and mental components.[34,35] An im- assigning population-based weights based on prefer￾provement in any of the domains of three points is ences for health states, and are usually expressed on considered to be a change that represents the MCID. a continuum from perfect health (1) to death (0), The SF-36 is one of the most commonly used HR- although health states worse than death can also be QOL instruments and has been translated into over valued.[37] 50 different languages.[36] Two common health utilities are the standard gamble and the time trade-off, which assess what 3.2 Health Utilities trade-offs (such as increased risk of death or how In contrast with the above generic instruments, many months of life) the patient would make for a better health state.[37] which describe an individual’s health status by eval- Scores on these tests may uating different domains, generic health utilities are range from 0.0 to 1.0. Another type of approach is measures that summarize HR-QOL as a single value the rating scale and as described above, patients rate Table I. Characteristics of commonly used health-related quality-of-life (HR-QOL) instruments in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)[15,17-20,22-24] Measure Items (n) Aspects assessed Minutes to Advantages Disadvantages complete Generic measures HAQ-DI 20 Activities of daily living: dressing, 5 Can be used across diseases and May not be as sensitive to arising, eating, walking, hygiene, populations; allows comparison change as disease-specific reach, grip, activities across diseases, levels of health and measures; may not age ranges; self-administered provide a single summary score SF-36 36 Physical function, role limitations 5 Can be used across diseases and May not be as sensitive to due to physical problems, health populations; allows comparison change as disease-specific perception, vitality, pain, social across diseases, levels of health, and measures; may not function, mental health role age ranges; self-administered provide a single summary limitations due to emotional score problems RA-specific measures AIMS 67 Physical activity, activities of daily 15 Self-administered; high reliability, Only applicable to certain living, dexterity, mobility, social validity, and sensitivity; more sensitive diseases or conditions role and activity, pain, depression, to change than generic measures; anxiety validity for specific population RAQoL 30 Mood/emotion, social life, hobbies, 6 Self-administered; high reliability, Only applicable to certain everyday tasks, personal/social validity, and sensitivity; more sensitive diseases or conditions relationships, physical contact to change than generic measures; validity for specific population Health utility measures HUI2 15 or Sensation (vision, hearing, Provides a single HR-QOL number May not be as sensitive to 40 speech), mobility, emotion, change as health status cognition, self-care, pain measures HUI3 15 or Vision, hearing, speech, As above As above 40 ambulation, dexterity, emotion, cognition, pain SF-6D 11 Physical function, role limitation, As above As above social function, pain, mental health, vitality EQ-5D 6a Mobility, usual activities, self-care, As above As above pain, anxiety a Five items plus a visual analogue scale. AIMS = Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales; HAQ-DI = Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index; HUI = Health Utilities Index; RAQoL = Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life. © 2008 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved. Pharmacoeconomics 2008; 26 (10)