BOOK REVIEW 189 Shaanxi (p.9);Zeng Yangpu and Chen Xiaocen discussed the conditions when they talked with Zhou Xiaozhou and Lu Zhenyu on 15 May (p.12);at the end of June or beginning of July,Chen Xiaocen formulated the conditions on the basis of his talks with representatives of the North China Bureau of the CPC,and they were later revised by Chen Lifu(Ch'en Li-fu)(pp.16-18);Zeng Yangpu stated the conditions to Zhang Zihua in Guangzhou on 27 September(pp.20 and 25);finally,the question of the conditions was raised again by the KMT on 10 and 19 November when Chen Lifu met Pan Hannian(pp.24-25). In addition,the book also provides a detailed and comprehensive account of the timing of the secret talks between the CPC North China Bureau and the Nanjing Government and those who took part,the timing and frequency of Zhang Zihua's movements between the KMT and the CPC in relation to the negotiations,the date when Pan Hannian was officially authorized to negotiate with the KMT,and the date when the CPC raised the question of the conditions for negotiation,and the content and process of the negotiations. Similar secrecy surrounded the 1937 negotiations between the two parties, and apart from three or four concrete plans for negotiation,little was generally known.However,in this book Yang Kuisong reproduces or cites thirty-six documents concerning formal plans,conditions for negotiations,and agreements. Although it was known that the CPC's chief delegate,Zhou Enlai,visited Xi'an, Hangzhou and Mount Lu,little was known about the specific dates,process or content of the negotiations.Even in the Biography of Zhou Enlai and the Chronicle of Zhou Enlai's Life published by the Party Literature Research Department of the CPC Central Committee,there is little information on the negotiations.In The Lost Opportunity however,there is an almost day by day account of the negotiations. This work also provides a detailed and objective description of the various set-backs,disputes,and compromises that took place during the negotiations, focussing in particular on the attitudes and reactions of the KMT delegates.In discussing the question of the timing of Zhou Enlai's talks with KMT represent- atives,the author gives more specific or different from those in The Biography of Zhou Enlai and The Chronicle of Zhou Enlai's Life.For example,in relation to the timing of the Xi'an negotiations,the Biography of Zhou Enlai states that,"On 9 February when Gu Zhutong arrived at Xi'an.Zhou Enlai began talks with him," but fails to mention when the talks ended.Yang Kuisong,on the other hand, believes that on 10 and I1 February,it was Zhang Chong who first had talks with Zhou Enlai,and that "Zhou Enlai and Gu Zhutong held formal negotiations"on 12 February.Yang also states that the negotiations ended on 16 March when Zhou left Xi'an for Yan'an.On the question of the beginning and end of the Hangzhou negotiations,The Biography of Zhou Enlai states only that "In late March,Zhou Enlai flew to Hangzhou and had direct talks with Chiang Kai-shek." Yang Kuisong states that Zhou Enlai actually arrived in Shanghai on 22 March and began talks with Chiang Kai-shek on 26 March.A lack of relevant materials makes it impossible at present to determine which account is correct.However, the serious approach adopted by the author of The Lost Opportunity?is to be commended. 1994-2012 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved. http://www.cn执o u an d L u Z h en y u o n 15 M a y (P . 12 ) : at th e en d o f Ju n e o r beg in n in g o f Ju ly , C h e n X i a o e e n fo r m u l a t e d t h e e o n d i t i o n s o n t h e b a s i s o f h i s t a l k s w i t h r e P r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e N o r t h C h i n a B u r e a u o f t h e C P C , a n d t h e y w e r e l a t e r r e v i s e d b y C h e n L i f u ( C h , e n L i 一 fu ) ( p P . 1 6 一 1 8 ) : Z e n g Y a n g P u s t a t e d t h e c o n d i t i o n s t o Z h a n g Z i h u a i n G u a n g z h o u o n 2 7 S e P t e m b e r ( P P . 2 0 a n d 2 5 ) : fi n a l l y , t h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e e o n d i t i o n s w a s r a i s e d a g a i n b y t h e K M T o n 1 0 a n d 1 9 N o v e m b e r w h e n C h e n L i f u m e t P a n H a n n i a n ( P P . 2 4 一 2 5 ) . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e b o o k a l s o P r o v i d e s a d e t a i l e d a n d c o m P r e h e n s i v e a e e o u n t o f t h e t i m i n g o f t h e s e e r e t t a l k s b e t w e e n t h e C P C N o r t h C h i n a B u r e a u a n d t h e N a nj i n g G o v e r n m e n t a n d t h o s e w h o t o o k P a r t , t h e t i m i n g a n d f r e q u e n e y o f Z h a n g Z i h u a , 5 m o v e m e n t s b e t w e e n t h e K M T a n d t h e C P C i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s , t h e d a t e w h e n P a n H a n n i a n w a s o fi c i a l l y a u t h o r i z e d t o n e g o t i a t e w i t h t h e K M T , a n d t h e d a t e w h e n t h e C P C r a i s e d t h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e e o n d i t i o n s fo r n e g o t i a t i o n , a n d t h e e o n t e n t a n d P r o e e s s o f t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s . S i m i l a r s e c r e e y s u r r o u n d e d t h e 1 9 3 7 n e g o t i a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e t w o P a r t i e s , a n d a P a r t f r o m t h r e e o r fo u r e o n e r e t e P l a n s fo r n e g o t i a t i o n , l i t t l e w a s g e n e r a l l y k n o w n . H o w e v e r , i n t h i s 如 ok Y ang K ui song reproduces or cites thi rty 一 s i x d o e u m e n t s c o n c e r n i n g fo r m a l P l a n s , e o n d i t i o n s fo r n e g o t i a t i o n s , a n d a g r e e m e n t s . A l t h o u g h i t w a s k n o w n t h a t t h e C P C , 5 e h i e f d e l e g a t e , Z h o u E n l a i , v i s i t e d X i , a n , H a n g z h o u a n d M o u n t L u , l i t t l e w a s k n o w n a b o u t t h e s P e c i f i c d a t e s , P r o c e s s o r e o n t e n t o f t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s . E v e n i n t h e B I Og r 口P h.v of Zh o u En la i a n d t h e Ch r o n i e le of Zh o u 勘la i,S L lfe p u b l i sh e d b y t h e P a rt y L i t e r a t u r e R e s e a r e h D e p a r tm e n t o f t h e C P C C e n t r a l C o m m it te e , t h e r e 1 5 l i t t l e i n fo r m a t i o n o n t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s . I n Th e L o s t OP P o r t u n i ty h o w e v e r , t h e r e 1 5 a n a l m o s t d a y b y d a y a e c o u n t o f t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s . T h i s w o r k a l s o P r o v i d e s a d e t a i l e d a n d o bj e e t i v e d e s e r i P t i o n o f t h e v a r i o u s s e t 一 b a e k s , d i s P u t e s , a n d e o m P r o m i s e s t h a t t o o k P l a e e d u r i n g t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s , fo e u s s i n g i n P a r t i c u l a r o n t h e a t t i t u d e s a n d r e a e t i o n s o f t h e K M T d e l e g a t e s . I n d i s e u s s i n g t h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e t i m i n g o f Z h o u E n l a i , 5 t a l k s w i t h K M T r e P r e s e n t - a t i v e s , t h e a u t h o r g i v e s m o r e s P e e i fi e o r d i fe r e n t f r o m t h o s e i n Th e B I Q g r 口p hy of Zh o u En la i a n d Th e Ch ro n i c le of Zh o u En la i 污L ife . F o r exa m P l e , i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e t i m i n g o f t h e X i , a n n e g o t i a t i o n s , t h e B i o g r a P 彻 of Zh ou En la l states th at , “ O n g F e b r u a r y w h e n G u Z h u t o n g a r r i v e d a t X i , a n , Z h o u E n l a i b e g a n t a l k s w i t h h i m , , , b u t fa i l s t o m e n t i o n w h e n t h e t a l k s e n d e d . Y a n g K u i s o n g , o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , b e l i e v e s t h a t o n 1 0 a n d 1 1 F e b r u a r y , i t w a s Z h a n g C h o n g w h o fi r s t h a d t a l k s w i t h Z h o u E n l a i , a n d t h a t “ Z h o u E n l a i a n d G u Z h u t o n g h e l d fo r m a l n e g o t i a t i o n s ” o n 1 2 F e b r u a r y . Y a n g a l s o s t a t e s t h a t t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s e n d e d o n 1 6 M a r e h w h e n Z h o u l e ft X i ’ a n fo r Y a n , a n . O n t h e q u e s t i o n o f t h e b e g i n n i n g a n d e n d o f t h e H a n g z h o u n e g o t i a t i o n s , Th e B I O g r 即hy of Z 人ou En la i states o n ly th at “ I n l a t e M a r e h , Z h o u E n l a i fl e w t o H a n g z h o u a n d h a d d i r e e t t a l k s w i t h C h i a n g K a i 一 s h e k . , ’ Y a n g K u i s o n g s t a t e s t h a t Z h o u E n l a i a e t u a l l y a r r i v e d i n S h a n g h a i o n 2 2 M a r e h a n d b e g a n t a l k s w i t h C h i a n g K a i 一 s h e k o n 2 6 M a r e h . A l a e k o f r e l e v a n t m a t e r i a l s m a k e s i t i m P o s s i b l e a t P r e s e n t t o d e t e r m i n e w h i e h a e c o u n t 1 5 c o r r e c t . H o w e v e r , t h e s e r i o u s a P P r o a e h a d o P t e d b y t h e a u t h o r o f Th e L os t OP P o r t u n i ty 夕 1 5 to b e Co m m en d ed