B)abandoned C) isolated D)driven Part Reading comprehension (30% Section a Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D) You should decide on the best choice. Then write your answer in the correspondin place on your Answer Sheet (2x10=20 points) Passage one Human behavior is regulated by many factors, including moral standards, the sense of shame, of conscience, of duty, and so on The basic manifestations of the ethical life are the sense of social and personal responsibility and the awareness of guilt that this implies. Responsibility is not only a moral category, but also a psychological, legal and socio-political one reat controversy has raged around this problem for centuries. The idealists believe the sources of responsibility to be in the immanent(固有的,内在的) principles of the human personality,even in the depths of its psychophysiology. The existential ists absolutise the individuals responsibility to society, believing that every person is responsible for everything that happens in the world. Every separate person is responsible for everything because this"everything"is consciously created by him But this is subjective idealism Responsibility may appear in two forms: retrospective and actual, i.e. responsibility for previously performed actions and for actions that are being performed at the given moment. Responsibility is a state of consciousness, a feeling of duty towards society and oneself, an awareness of the purpose of the actions performed, their consequences for a certain social group class, party, collective and oneself. Responsibility is society's necessary means of controlling the ehaviour of the individual through his consciousness. An important form of responsibility is responsibility for the future, both near and distant, which is built on the sense of responsibility for the present and the past The character of responsibility and its forms have changed in the course of history. The tribal system knew no personal responsibility. There was responsibility only to the community, which imposed a certain course of action on its members and controlled these actions. The slave society revealed the beginnings of a tendency towards individuality. While the commune fettered the actions of the individual, the slave society allowed him to act at his own risk, with a certain degree of independence. During the slave-owning period the individual was responsible not to the community nor yet to himself, but to the polity and to the gods. With the rise of the state the concept of individual responsibility to the state, the monarch and to God began to take shape. As the idea of9 A) separated B) abandoned C) isolated D) driven Part III Reading Comprehension (30%) Section A Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Then write your answer in the corresponding place on your Answer Sheet. (2×10=20 points) Passage One Human behavior is regulated by many factors, including moral standards, the sense of shame, of conscience, of duty, and so on. The basic manifestations of the ethical life are the sense of social and personal responsibility and the awareness of guilt that this implies. Responsibility is not only a moral category, but also a psychological, legal and socio-political one. Great controversy has raged around this problem for centuries. The idealists believe the sources of responsibility to be in the immanent (固有的，内在的) principles of the human personality, even in the depths of its psychophysiology. The existentialists absolutise the individual’s responsibility to society, believing that every person is responsible for everything that happens in the world. Every separate person is responsible for everything because this “everything” is consciously created by him. But this is subjective idealism. Responsibility may appear in two forms: retrospective and actual, i.e. responsibility for previously performed actions and for actions that are being performed at the given moment. Responsibility is a state of consciousness, a feeling of duty towards society and oneself, an awareness of the purpose of the actions performed, their consequences for a certain social group, class, party, collective and oneself. Responsibility is society’s necessary means of controlling the behaviour of the individual through his consciousness. An important form of responsibility is responsibility for the future, both near and distant, which is built on the sense of responsibility for the present and the past. The character of responsibility and its forms have changed in the course of history. The tribal system knew no personal responsibility. There was responsibility only to the community, which imposed a certain course of action on its members and controlled these actions. The slave society revealed the beginnings of a tendency towards individuality. While the commune fettered the actions of the individual, the slave society allowed him to act at his own risk, with a certain degree of independence. During the slave-owning period the individual was responsible not to the community, nor yet to himself, but to the polity and to the gods. With the rise of the state the concept of individual responsibility to the state, the monarch and to God began to take shape. As the idea of