CAPITVLVM SECVNDVM CAP.II Sum的四种基本形式 sum esse fui futurum 其中esse(tobe)是不定式，fui是完成时，futurum目的分词。 2 Sum的直陈式现在时的数与人称 sg. pl. 14。Swm I am: sumus we are 2nd es you are; estis you are 3rd est s/he is; sunt they are (注意：仍然可以看到动词人称词尾的痕迹) 3用法 基本意义是“是”、“有”、“存在”、“处在”。 (1)esse=be此时esse为联系动词，与描述主语的名词或形容词连起来组成表语， 表达一个完整的意思。 t如课文中：Paulus est monachus. Fessus est Paulus et mulus est lentus. Mulus est territus. 注意：形容词在表语时要与主语在性、数、格上一致（见下节） (2)csse=there be此时csse的数、人称要与主语一致 如：Cibus est in sarcina.(the food is in the bag) Benedictus et Stephanus monachi sunt. (3)est/sunt at the beginning of a sentence commonly indicate the existence of something. ane are often best translated there is /are,E.g est locus there is a place... 4Sum直陈式的将来时 词干eri,加人称词尾-0，-s,-七-ms,s,-t er-o I shall be eri-mus we will be eri-s you will be eri-tis you will be eri-t;s/he/it will be er-unt they will be 注意：(1)可以把-i看作将来时(w)的时态特征 (2)i发生的音变：ero,erunt 5sum的未完成时 词干cra,加人称词尾-m,s,女-s,-is,-t era-m Iwas era-mus we were era-s you were era-tis you were era-t s/he was era-nt they were 注意：记住csse的变位和时态，对于一般动词的变位和时态有极大帮助。试比较 er-am amabam er-o amabo er-as amabas er-is amabis er-at; amabat er-it amabit 4CAPITVLVM SECVNDVM CAP.II 4 1 Sum 的四种基本形式 sum esse fui futurum 其中 esse( to be)是不定式, fui 是完成时，futurum 目的分词。 2 Sum 的直陈式现在时的数与人称 sg. pl. 1 st sum I am; sumus we are 2 nd es you are; estis you are 3 rd est s/he is; sunt they are (注意：仍然可以看到动词人称词尾的痕迹) 3 用法 基本意义是“是”、“有”、“存在”、“处在”。 （1）esse= be 此时 esse 为联系动词，与描述主语的名词或形容词连起来组成表语， 表达一个完整的意思。 如课文中：Paulus est monachus. Fessus est Paulus et mulus est lentus. Mulus est territus. 注意：形容词在表语时要与主语在性、数、格上一致（见下节） （2）esse=there be 此时 esse 的数、人称要与主语一致 如：Cibus est in sarcina.（the food is in the bag） Benedictus et Stephanus monachi sunt. (3) est/sunt at the beginning of a sentence commonly indicate the existence of something, ane are often best translated ‘ there is /are’, E.g. est locus there is a place… 4 Sum 直陈式的将来时 词干 eri-，加人称词尾 –o, -s, -t; -mus, -tis, -nt er-o I shall be eri-mus we will be eri-s you will be eri-tis you will be eri-t; s/he/ it will be er-unt they will be 注意：（1）可以把-i- 看作将来时（will）的时态特征 （2）-i-发生的音变：ero, erunt 5 sum 的未完成时 词干 era-, 加人称词尾 -m, -s, -t; -mus, -tis, -nt era-m I was era-mus we were era-s you were era-tis you were era-t s/he was era-nt they were 注意：记住 esse 的变位和时态，对于一般动词的变位和时态有极大帮助。试比较 er-am amabam er-o amabo er-as amabas er-is amabis er-at; amabat er-it amabit