L8 Explanation&the Methodology You may or may not need to work on Language Focus or Vocabulary for Causality in this handout.All exercises are obligatory. Lesson 8 Reading and Writing Explanation and the Methodology 1. Your Mini-talk II.The Text Types:Explanation Explanations are concerned with explaining how processes happen."To this end they imply sequences of causes and effects"(Wignell,Martin Eggins,1993). 4 types of explanations: sequential explanation factorial explanation consequential explanation conditional explanation Schematic structure in explanation writing: 1)specifying the Phenomenon (effect/cause/issue) 2)the Explanation stage the implication sequence causes/effects/sequence of events conditions-effects 3)Extension/Implication/Significance/Recapitulation Important in explanation writing: Presence of Causality Logic and Thoroughness Implicit Causality---absence of conjunctions Multi-modal Reports and Explanations 1.The Sequential explanation is typically constructed as a series of events. Logical relations between events are temporal,either succeeding each other in time or happening at the same time. 2.The Factorial explanation explains how an effect involves multiple factors 3.The Consequential explanation explains how a single factor leads to multiple consequences. 4.The Conditional explanation deals with how effects are contingent on variable factors. 5.Differentiating types of explanation Ex.8-1 Read the following texts,and determine which type of explanation they respectively are.Make sure that you identify factor-consequence relations in the particular type of explanation. Text 1 Predator and Prey 1/10L8 Explanation & the Methodology 1 / 10 You may or may not need to work on Language Focus or Vocabulary for Causality in this handout. All exercises are obligatory. Lesson 8 Reading and Writing Explanation and the Methodology I. Your Mini-talk II. The Text Types: Explanation Explanations are concerned with explaining how processes happen. “To this end they imply sequences of causes and effects” (Wignell, Martin & Eggins, 1993). 4 types of explanations:  sequential explanation  factorial explanation  consequential explanation  conditional explanation Schematic structure in explanation writing: 1) specifying the Phenomenon (effect/cause/issue) 2) the Explanation stage / the implication sequence causes / effects / sequence of events / conditions-effects 3) Extension / Implication / Significance / Recapitulation Important in explanation writing:  Presence of Causality  Logic and Thoroughness  Implicit Causality --- absence of conjunctions  Multi-modal Reports and Explanations 1. The Sequential explanation is typically constructed as a series of events. Logical relations between events are temporal, either succeeding each other in time or happening at the same time. 2. The Factorial explanation explains how an effect involves multiple factors. 3. The Consequential explanation explains how a single factor leads to multiple consequences. 4. The Conditional explanation deals with how effects are contingent on variable factors. 5. Differentiating types of explanation Ex. 8-1 Read the following texts, and determine which type of explanation they respectively are. Make sure that you identify factor-consequence relations in the particular type of explanation. Text 1 Predator and Prey