ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Romanization Mackerras.I am grateful to them for their time as well as their com- ments and criticisms.Another Griffith colleague,Dr John Butcher,also read it in part,despite his heavy teaching load.It is my pleasure to thank him whole-heartedly. Finally,for help in innumerable ways and for her patience and tol- erance over the years while this book was being written,my special THE pinyin system is used throughout this book for the romanization thanks to my wife,Lucia. of Chinese names and terms except in instances where the old spellings are familiar even to the non-specialist,as for example,Peking and all the major treaty ports."Taipei',not "Taibei',is used in the notes and bibliography.Conventional spellings are also retained for the Kuomintang (KMT),Sun Yat-sen,Chiang Kai-shek,T.V.Soong,H.H.Kung,and some well-known Chinese diplomats and officials who were better known to foreigners in their English names or old spellings,such as Eugene Chen,C.T.Wang,and C.C.Wu