facilitated diffusion and carrier mediated facilitated diffusion, primary active transport secondary active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis 3.Signal transmission across the membrane: receptor-channel, receptor-G protein-second messenger. Part 2. Membrane potentials of the cell 1. Bio-electrical phenomenon of the cell membrane potential 2. Resting potential: definition, property, and the ionic basis 3. Action potential: definition, stages, properties, initiation or genesis, threshold threshold potential, excitability 4. Local potential: definition, properties, role of the local potential 5. Signal transmission along nerve fiber: "Local current flow"theor Part 3. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle 1. Molecular Characteristics of Contractile filaments 2. Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction: Sliding theory, steps of each cross bridge cycle 3. Mechanics of skeletal muscle contraction: the effects of preload, afterload and contractility on muscle contraction 4. Transmission of action potential across the neuromuscular junction: steps properties, an 5. Excitation contraction coupling Chapter 3 Blood Purpose and Requirement 1. To master the distribution pattern of body fluid and the role of blood in internal environment 2. To master the mechanisms of physiological hemostasis 3. To understand physical and chemical properties of blood 4. To understand blood groups and principles of blood transfusion Teaching contents Part 1 General statementfacilitated diffusion and carrier mediated facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis 3.Signal transmission across the membrane: receptor -channel, receptor -G protein - second messenger. Part 2. Membrane potentials of the cell 1. Bio-electrical phenomenon of the cell : membrane potential. 2. Resting potential: definition, property, and the ionic basis. 3. Action potential: definition, stages, properties, initiation or genesis, threshold, threshold potential, excitability 4.Local potential: definition, properties, role of the local potential 5. Signal transmission along nerve fiber: “Local current flow” theory Part 3. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle 1. Molecular Characteristics of Contractile Filaments 2. Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction: “Sliding theory”, steps of each cross bridge cycle. 3.Mechanics of skeletal muscle contraction: the effects of preload, afterload and contractility on muscle contraction. 4.Transmission of action potential across the neuromuscular junction: `steps, properties, and 5. Excitation contraction coupling Chapter 3 Blood Purpose and Requirement 1. To master the distribution pattern of body fluid and the role of blood in internal environment. 2. To master the mechanisms of physiological hemostasis 3. To understand physical and chemical properties of blood 4. To understand blood groups and principles of blood transfusion Teaching contents Part 1 General statement