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公交线网革命的国外经验实践 沈帝文 深圳市城市交通规划设计研究中心,深圳518000 摘要:公交客流下降、财政压力大等难题困扰着世界上很多大城市。近些年,国外有 一部分城市重新审视了自己的公交线网,进行了备受瞩目的“公交线网革命”,成 功缓解了这些难题,并帮助城市交通更可持续发展,取得了良好的效果。公交线网 革命的主旨是将传统的“直达型”公交线网变革为设计得当的“换乘型”公交线网, 统一整合有限的公共资源,合并重复线路,形成类似国内城市地铁线网的,高发车 频率、便捷换乘、简洁明了的公交线网。交通工程界泰斗、美国工程院院士 Car los Daganzo主导的一系列研究显示,公交乘客对于换乘的厌恶远不及公交部门所想象 的程度,而设计得当的“换乘型”公交线网可以吸引客流增长,减轻财政压力,并 提供媲美小汽车出行的“任一点到任一点”的公共交通服务。本文从公交的定位 公交线网的网络效应、公交的营销等方面,结合西方最新的文献和实际案例,介绍 了国外公交线网革命的实践经验。不同于互联网行业所推崇的“按需响应、私人订 制”服务,革新后的公交线网并不是专门为任何某一个人的需求设计的,而是通过 理念和技术创新,挖掘既有公交系统的潜力,让尽可能多的人感到实用。这为人口 密集的中国城市未来改善交通提供了一种新的、更高效的模式参考。 关镳词:公交线网规划;公交线网革命;换乘 中图分类号: Bus Network Redesigns: Experience from the western World Diwen shen (Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center, Shenzhen 518000) Abstract: Declining bus ridership and constrained government budgets have plagued many cities in the world. In recent years, multiple cities have conducted major redesigns of their bus networks, with positive results. These redesigns have transformed"direct-trip"bus networks into"transfer-based" bus networks, through concentrating limited public resources, removing duplicate lines and forming a network with high frequency, easy-transfers, and easy-to-understand structures. Based on the works of Carlos Daganzo, these redesigned networks have been shown to increase ridership, e costs, and provid anywhere-to-anywhere"travel service competitive to the automobile. This paper provides an overview of the literature and real-world case studies of successful bus network redesigns in1 公交线网革命的国外经验实践 沈帝文 (深圳市城市交通规划设计研究中心,深圳 518000) 摘 要: 公交客流下降、财政压力大等难题困扰着世界上很多大城市。近些年,国外有 一部分城市重新审视了自己的公交线网,进行了备受瞩目的“公交线网革命”,成 功缓解了这些难题,并帮助城市交通更可持续发展,取得了良好的效果。公交线网 革命的主旨是将传统的“直达型”公交线网变革为设计得当的“换乘型”公交线网, 统一整合有限的公共资源,合并重复线路,形成类似国内城市地铁线网的,高发车 频率、便捷换乘、简洁明了的公交线网。交通工程界泰斗、美国工程院院士 Carlos Daganzo 主导的一系列研究显示,公交乘客对于换乘的厌恶远不及公交部门所想象 的程度,而设计得当的“换乘型”公交线网可以吸引客流增长,减轻财政压力,并 提供媲美小汽车出行的“任一点到任一点”的公共交通服务。本文从公交的定位、 公交线网的网络效应、公交的营销等方面,结合西方最新的文献和实际案例,介绍 了国外公交线网革命的实践经验。不同于互联网行业所推崇的“按需响应、私人订 制”服务,革新后的公交线网并不是专门为任何某一个人的需求设计的,而是通过 理念和技术创新,挖掘既有公交系统的潜力,让尽可能多的人感到实用。这为人口 密集的中国城市未来改善交通提供了一种新的、更高效的模式参考。 关键词: 公交线网规划;公交线网革命;换乘 中图分类号: Bus Network Redesigns: Experience from the Western World Diwen Shen (Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center, Shenzhen 518000) Abstract: Declining bus ridership and constrained government budgets have plagued many cities in the world. In recent years, multiple cities have conducted major redesigns of their bus networks, with positive results. These redesigns have transformed “direct-trip” bus networks into “transfer-based” bus networks, through concentrating limited public resources, removing duplicate lines and forming a network with high frequency, easy-transfers, and easy-to-understand structures. Based on the works of Carlos Daganzo, these redesigned networks have been shown to increase ridership, reduce costs, and provide “anywhere-to-anywhere” travel service competitive to the automobile. This paper provides an overview of the literature and real-world case studies of successful bus network redesigns in
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