The nineties 1. Chap. 5 and 6, Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership 2. Chap. 7 and 8, Beyond Horizons 3."National Space Policy 4.The Satellite Remote Sensing Industry 5."Long Range Plan; Executive Summary of US Space Command 6. State of the Space Industry 1999 7."LEO Commercial Market Projection Theme 1. The collapse of the Space Exploration Initiative 2. Reshaping of the space station as a foreign policy tool and the marginalization of human space flight 3. The growth of commercial space 4. The internationalization of the space launch and satellite industry the beginning of a backlash 5. The integration of air and space in the military growth of debates on space weaponization 6. Faster, cheaper, better, it's growth and the beginning of a backlash The eighties ended with a bold proposal from the Bush Administration to return to the mo and mount a human expedition to Mars. In 1990, President Bush set an explicit goal of a manned landing on Mars by 2019. At last NASa had a presidential commitment to this. In its 1959 long range plan, NASA had called for this and Apollo, the Shuttle and the Station would all be seen as attempts to move in that direction In contrast with President Kennedys famous announcement however the Presidents announcement contained no specific funding requests. What Bush actually requested was for the Space Council (headed by VP Quayle) to report back to him with concrete recommendations to chart a new course to the Moon and Mars. NASa was careful not to let any specific cost estimates get to the Vice President. However, NASa did anticipate in its planning that the budget would double to approximately $30 billion a year after inflation. NASA also was unwilling to reconstruct ongoing programs in any fundamental way. Thus they conceived that the budget would just go up. Thus the budget request to Congress for FY91 asked for an increase of 47%. This was indeed back to Apollo days In contrast to Apollo, there was a very different climate. At a personal level, VPQ nowhere near the equal of VP Johnson. He did not have the ability to build consensus in the Congress. Furthermore he became the object of derision with silly statements that Mars is in the same orbit as the Earth and has canals on it. This undermined his credibility as a spokesman for pace. Perhaps most important, the Cold War was over. The Wall came down in 1989 and theThe Nineties Reading 1. Chap. 5 and 6, Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership.” 2. Chap. 7 and 8, “Beyond Horizons.” 3. “National Space Policy.” 4. “The Satellite Remote Sensing Industry.” 5. “Long Range Plan; Executive Summary of US Space Command.” 6. “State of the Space Industry 1999.” 7. “LEO Commercial Market Projection.” Themes 1. The collapse of the Space Exploration Initiative 2. Reshaping of the space station as a foreign policy tool and the marginalization of human space flight. 3. The growth of commercial space 4. The internationalization of the space launch and satellite industry & the beginning of a backlash. 5. The integration of air and space in the military & growth of debates on space weaponization. 6. Faster, cheaper, better, it’s growth and the beginning of a backlash. The eighties ended with a bold proposal from the Bush Administration to return to the Moon and mount a human expedition to Mars. In 1990, President Bush set an explicit goal of a manned landing on Mars by 2019. At last NASA had a presidential commitment to this. In its 1959 long range plan, NASA had called for this and Apollo, the Shuttle and the Station would all be seen as attempts to move in that direction. In contrast with President Kennedy’s famous announcement however the President’s announcement contained no specific funding requests. What Bush actually requested was for the Space Council (headed by VP Quayle) to report back to him with concrete recommendations to chart a new course to the Moon and Mars. NASA was careful not to let any specific cost estimates get to the Vice President. However, NASA did anticipate in its planning that their budget would double to approximately $30 billion a year after inflation. NASA also was unwilling to reconstruct ongoing programs in any fundamental way. Thus they conceived that the budget would just go up. Thus the budget request to Congress for FY91 asked for an increase of 47%. This was indeed back to Apollo days. In contrast to Apollo, there was a very different climate. At a personal level, VP Quayle was nowhere near the equal of VP Johnson. He did not have the ability to build consensus in the Congress. Furthermore he became the object of derision with silly statements that Mars is in the same orbit as the Earth and has canals on it. This undermined his credibility as a spokesman for space. Perhaps most important, the Cold War was over. The Wall came down in 1989 and the