Cl-2t Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Chapter 1 Introductory Linear Circuit Analysis ---From time-domain analysis to frequency-domain analysis C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations active pass ts, resistance element, independent a. Linear Time-invariant resistance. R ->view from energy w from terminal two four. more Constraint Equation: v(tFRI( >view from direction bidirectional unidirectional mbol oCHo view from linear -linear nonlinear others:M。01 >view from energy accumulation ->memoryless, memory (dynamie element) view from controlling I/R=G transadmittance independent, controlled t) I-V curve Bidirectional,linear,momeryless Cl-21 Common cireuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Cl-2t Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations b. Nonlinear resistance (Usually the semiconductor electric vacuum devices) Constraint Equation: v(t=r[i(t)] or i(t=gIv(t) short Example 1: semiconductor diode tool/Rog transadmittance Constraint Equation v(tr[i(t)]or i(t=g(t) feature feature Passive, two-terminal, I I-V curve Bidirectional linear I-V curve nonlinear, moneyless C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Cl-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Example 2: tunnel diode Constraint Equation: i(tgIv(t) voltage controlled element oltage controlled resistor +wt)- static resistance: R=vp(t)ip(t) Example 3: gas diode Constraint Equation: v(tFr[i(t) Dynamic resistance: R=d".(tyd[o(t] Current controlled elemer tive resistance Source characteristic Current controlled resistor If a nonlinear resistance works in the negative esistance zone, it will behave like a source which means it will supply energy v(t)北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 0 + v(t) - i(t) I V active passive passive active R - VA Characteristic curve C - CV Characteristic curve L – WI Characteristic curve C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations ->view from energy ->view from terminal ->view from direction ->view from linear ->view from energy accumulation ->view from controlling ->active, passive ->two, four, more ->bidirectional, unidirectional ->linear, nonlinear ->memoryless, memory (dynamic element) ->independent, controlled The origin symmetry 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations  Classification of components, resistance element, independent source, controlled source, dynamic element a. Linear Time-invariant resistance : R Constraint Equation: v(t)=Ri(t) symbol ： others： 0 + v(t) - i(t) I V I-V curve tgα=1/R=G transadmittance feature： Passive, two-terminal, Bidirectional, linear, momeryless Chapter 1 Introductory Linear Circuit Analysis ----From time-domain analysis to frequency-domain analysis 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 0 + v(t) - i(t) I V I-V curve 0 I V R=0 0 I V R=∞ short open *** C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations tgα=1/R=G transadmittance feature： Passive, two-terminal, Bidirectional, linear, momeryless 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 b. Nonlinear resistance: (Usually the semiconductor / electric vacuum devices) Constraint Equation : v(t)=r[i(t)] or i(t)=g[v(t)] Symbol ： Example 1： semiconductor diode Constraint Equation : v(t)=r[i(t)] or i(t)=g[v(t)] 0 + v(t) - i(t) I V I-V curve feature： Passive, two-terminal, unidirectional, nonlinear, momeryless C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 voltage controlled element voltage controlled resistor 0 + v(t) - i(t) I V Example 2: tunnel diode Constraint Equation : i(t)=g[v(t)] Current controlled element Current controlled resistor a 0 + v(t) - i(t) I V Example 3: gas diode Constraint Equation: v(t)=r[i(t)] b a b C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 北京大学 0 I V 0 I V a b a b 0 I V static resistance : Rs=vp(t)/ip(t) Dynamic resistance: Rd=d[vp(t)]/d[ip(t)] p p Negative resistance zone：Rd<0 Source characteristic: If a nonlinear resistance works in the negative resistance zone, it will behave like a source, which means it will supply energy. C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations