BEH.462/3. 962J Molecular Principles of Biomaterials Spring 2003 Course administration 2 dates when there is no class -out of town o 3 1-hour exams o term projects website office hours discuss term projects Materials that can be used in vivo Basic considerations Many applications require to materials to function inside the body: (SLIDE) o Mechanical implants Artificial hips, artificial hearts, pacemakers, etc. Injected or implanted devices o Tissue engineering Delivery of cells In vivo tissue engineering: materials that guide invading cells into proper position and function o Biosensors In situ measurements of ph, molecule concentrations, etc. If a device is to be applied in vivo, what characteristics must it have in addition to fulfilling the device requirements? non-toxic(acute or chronic), non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic, and non-allergen Toxicity of synthetic materials Few generalities can be made, typically determined by empirical studies Cost and time involved in developing new biomaterials extremely high Industry and clinicians further motivated by fear of malpractice cases E.g., the case of silicone breast implants A very small number of FDA-approved materials has been intensively studied due to this hurdle biodegradable, bioeliminible, or removable biodegradable: breaks down into metabolic products(most attractive )-mechanisms? o Hydrolysis o Enzymatic action bioeliminible: dissolves into low molecular weight compounds that can be excreted by natural pathways removable: a retrieveable implant (least attractive) o FDA APPROVAL Lecture 1-IntroductionBEH.462/3.962J Molecular Principles of Biomaterials Spring 2003 Course administration • 2 dates when there is no class – out of town • Course grading o Weekly problem sets o 3 1-hour exams o term projects • website • office hours • discuss term projects Materials that can be used in vivo Basic considerations • Many applications require to materials to function inside the body: (SLIDE) o Mechanical implants ƒ Artificial hips, artificial hearts, pacemakers, etc. o Drug delivery ƒ Injected or implanted devices o Tissue engineering ƒ Delivery of cells ƒ In vivo tissue engineering: materials that guide invading cells into proper position and function o Biosensors ƒ In situ measurements of pH, molecule concentrations, etc. If a device is to be applied in vivo, what characteristics must it have in addition to fulfilling the device requirements? -non-toxic (acute or chronic), non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic, and non-allergenic • Toxicity of synthetic materials • Few generalities can be made, typically determined by empirical studies • Cost and time involved in developing new biomaterials extremely high ƒ Industry and clinicians further motivated by fear of malpractice cases • E.g., the case of silicone breast implants • A very small number of FDA-approved materials has been intensively studied due to this hurdle -biodegradable, bioeliminible, or removable ƒ biodegradable: breaks down into metabolic products (most attractive) - mechanisms? o Hydrolysis o Enzymatic action ƒ bioeliminible: dissolves into low molecular weight compounds that can be excreted by natural pathways ƒ removable: a retrieveable implant (least attractive) o FDA APPROVAL… Lecture 1 – Introduction