Grey boxes: general components of signaling pathways factor bindir domain White boxes: specific examples Receptor gan Cell kinas membrane Receptors Enzymatic intracellular Altered domain metabolism Protein kinase activity Intracellular mediators messengers (cytoplasmic molecul Adaptor protei Docking proteins Nuclear events Effector GTP-binding proteins enzymes Other Protein or lipid kinases phosphodiesterases Metabolic enzymes Transcription factors Nucleus Nature 411: 759(2001) Changes in Nuclear membrane gene expressionGrey boxes: general components of signaling pathways White boxes: specific examples Ligand  Receptors  Intracellular mediators  Nuclear events Nature 411: 759 (2001)