1.THE IMPORTANCE OF INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES 25.Duncan B et al.Exclusive breast feeding for at least 37.Martin RM,Gunnell D,Davey Smith G.Breast- 4 months protects against otitis media.Pediatrics, feeding in infancy and blood pressure in later 1993,91:867-872 life:systemic review and meta-analysis.American 26.Silfverdal S,Bodin L,Olcen P.Protective effect Journal of Epidemiology,2005,161:15-26. of breastfeeding:An ecological study of Haemo- 38.Owen CG et al.Infant feeding and blood cho- philus influenzae meningitis and breastfeeding lesterol:a study in adolescents and a systematic in a Swedish population.International Journal of review.Pediatrics,2002,110:597-608. Epidemiology,1999,28:152-156. 39.Martin RM et al.Breastfeeding and atherosclero- 27.Marild S et al.Protective effect of breastfeeding sis:intima media thickness and plaques at 65-year against urinary tract infection.Acta Paediatrica, follow-up of the Boyd Orr Cohort.Arteriosclerosis 2004,93:164-168. Thrombosis Vascular Biology,2005,25:1482-1488. 28.Gdalevich M,Mimouni D,Mimouni M.Breast- 40.Anderson JW,Johnstone BM,Remley DT.Breast- feeding and the risk of bronchial asthma in child- feeding and cognitive development:a meta-anal- hood:a systematic review with meta-analysis of ysis.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1999, prospective studies.Journal of Pediatrics,2001, 70:525-535. 139:261-266. 41.Daniels MC,Adair LS.Breast-feeding influences 29.Oddy WH et al.The relation of breastfeeding and cognitive development in Filipino children.The Body Mass Index to asthma and atopy in children: Journal of Nutrition,2005,135:2589-2595. a prospective cohort study to age 6 years.Ameri- 42.Mortensen EL et al.The association between can Journal of Public Health,2004,94:1531-1537. duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence. 30.Sadauskaite-Kuehne V et al.Longer breastfeed- Journal of the American Medical Association,2002, ing is an independent predictive factor against 287:2365-2371 development of type I diabetes in childhood. 43.Chua S et al.Influence of breast feeding and nip- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews,2004, 20:150-157. ple stimulation on post-partum uterine activity. British Journal of Obstetrics &Gynaecology,1994, 31.Akobeng AK et al.Effect of breastfeeding on risk 101:804-805. of coeliac disease:a systematic review and meta- 44.Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in analysis of observational studies.Archives of Dis- Breast Cancer.Breast cancer and breastfeed- eases in Childhood,2006,91:39-43. ing:collaborative reanalysis of individual data 32.Klement E et al.Breastfeeding and risk of inflam- from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, matory bowel disease:a systematic review with including 50 302 women with breast cancer and meta-analysis.American Journal of Clinical Nutri- 96 973 women without the disease.Lancet,2002, ti0n,2004,80:1342-1352. 360:187-195. 33.Kwan ML et al.Breastfeeding and the risk of child- 45.Robenblatt K,Thomas D.Lactation and the risk of hood leukaemia:a meta-analysis.Public Health epithelial ovarian cancer.International Journal of Reports,2004,119:521-535. Epidemiology,1993,22:192-197. 34.Harder T et al.Duration of breastfeeding and risk 46.Feachem R,Koblinsky M.Interventions for the of overweight:a meta-analysis.American Journal control of diarrhoeal disease among young chil- of Epidemiology,2005,162:397-403. dren:promotion of breastfeeding.Bulletin of the 35.Burke V et al.Breastfeeding and overweight:lon- World Health Organization,1984,62:271-291. gitudinal analysis in an Australian birth cohort. 47.Victora C et al.Evidence for protection by breast- Journal of Pediatrics,2005,147:56-61. feeding against infant deaths from infectious dis- 36.Grummer-Strawn LM,Mei Z.Does breastfeed- eases in Brazil.Lancet,1987,330:319-322 ing protect against pediatric overweight?Analysis 48.Arifeen S et al.Exclusive breastfeeding reduces of longitudinal data from the Centers for Disease acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea deaths Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Sur- among infants in Dhaka slums.Pediatrics,2001, veillance System.Pediatrics,2004,113:e81-86. 108:1-8.7 25. Duncan B et al. Exclusive breast feeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis media. Pediatrics, 1993, 91:867–872. 26. Silfverdal S, Bodin L, Olcén P. Protective effect of breastfeeding: An ecological study of Haemo￾philus influenzae meningitis and breastfeeding in a Swedish population. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1999, 28:152–156. 27. Marild S et al. Protective effect of breastfeeding against urinary tract infection. Acta Paediatrica, 2004, 93:164–168. 28. Gdalevich M, Mimouni D, Mimouni M. Breast￾feeding and the risk of bronchial asthma in child￾hood: a systematic review with meta-analysis of prospective studies. Journal of Pediatrics, 2001, 139:261–266. 29. Oddy WH et al. The relation of breastfeeding and Body Mass Index to asthma and atopy in children: a prospective cohort study to age 6 years. Ameri￾can Journal of Public Health, 2004, 94:1531–1537. 30. Sadauskaite-Kuehne V et al. Longer breastfeed￾ing is an independent predictive factor against development of type 1 diabetes in childhood. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 2004, 20:150–157. 31. Akobeng AK et al. Effect of breastfeeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta￾analysis of observational studies. Archives of Dis￾eases in Childhood, 2006, 91:39–43. 32. Klement E et al. Breastfeeding and risk of inflam￾matory bowel disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutri￾tion, 2004, 80:1342–1352. 33. Kwan ML et al. Breastfeeding and the risk of child￾hood leukaemia: a meta-analysis. Public Health Reports, 2004, 119:521–535. 34. Harder T et al. Duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2005, 162:397–403. 35. Burke V et al. Breastfeeding and overweight: lon￾gitudinal analysis in an Australian birth cohort. Journal of Pediatrics, 2005, 147:56–61. 36. Grummer-Strawn LM, Mei Z. Does breastfeed￾ing protect against pediatric overweight? Analysis of longitudinal data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Sur￾veillance System. Pediatrics, 2004, 113:e81–86. 37. Martin RM, Gunnell D, Davey Smith G. Breast￾feeding in infancy and blood pressure in later life: systemic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2005, 161:15–26. 38. Owen CG et al. Infant feeding and blood cho￾lesterol: a study in adolescents and a systematic review. Pediatrics, 2002, 110:597–608. 39. Martin RM et al. Breastfeeding and atherosclero￾sis: intima media thickness and plaques at 65-year follow-up of the Boyd Orr Cohort. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vascular Biology, 2005, 25:1482–1488. 40. Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Remley DT. Breast￾feeding and cognitive development: a meta-anal￾ysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999, 70:525–535. 41. Daniels MC, Adair LS. Breast-feeding influences cognitive development in Filipino children. The Journal of Nutrition, 2005, 135:2589–2595. 42. Mortensen EL et al. The association between duration of breastfeeding and adult intelligence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2002, 287:2365–2371. 43. Chua S et al. Influence of breast feeding and nip￾ple stimulation on post-partum uterine activity. British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 1994, 101:804–805. 44. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and breastfeed￾ing: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50 302 women with breast cancer and 96 973 women without the disease. Lancet, 2002, 360:187–195. 45. Robenblatt K, Thomas D. Lactation and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1993, 22:192–197. 46. Feachem R, Koblinsky M. Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal disease among young chil￾dren: promotion of breastfeeding. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1984, 62:271–291. 47. Victora C et al. Evidence for protection by breast￾feeding against infant deaths from infectious dis￾eases in Brazil. Lancet, 1987, 330:319–322. 48. Arifeen S et al. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums. Pediatrics, 2001, 108:1–8. 1. The importance of infant and young child feeding and recommended practices