上充通大粤 Prospective Probability of Nuclear Energy's Prevalence in Civilian Usage the same time Japan is also seeking opportunities to export its nuclear technology pursuing a considerable economic profit without domestic projection (The Japan Government,2014).In conclusion,Japan is now adopting an active policy towards nuclear power 4.3.4 Switzerland's current policy-Negative Switzerland has alternated its energy policy after the nuclear accident in Fukushima, which greatly decreased the acceptance of nuclear power production among the general public in Switzerland.Given that the national elections were scheduled for autumn 2011, all political parties and candidates decided to take conservative attitude towards the nuclear power.And based on that changing public and politic opinion,the Swiss government enacted a new energy policy called the 'energy strategy 2050'.According to that project,five nuclear power plants in Switzerland need to be switched off at the end of their official running period,and the construction of new nuclear power plants will not be allowed in the future.Interestingly,the Swiss government had issued an announcement on its energy policy in the year of 2009,two years before the Fukushima disaster,saying that the nuclear electricity would have played an important role in Switzerland's electricity generation in the foreseeable future(Fischer,2015). 5 Prospective Probability of Nuclear Energy's Prevalence in Civil Usage 5.1 The obstacles of the prevalence of nuclear energy 5.1.1 The safety concerns The problem mostly concerned about nuclear energy is the radiation it releases. According to the report of United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation(United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 2010),the average background radiation we receive every year is around 2400uSv, nuclear powering enhances 0.18uSv the radiation per person per year exposed to globally. For the people living within 100km of the uranium mining area,the number goes up to around 25uSv.The number is around 0.luSv for the population within 50km of nuclear power plants.Compared with the fact that a steel production factory causes about 100uSv under the same conditions,it doesn't seem to be a problem(UNSEAR,2010). However,those numbers only work when everything goes right.The inhabitants of the areas polluted by Chernobyl accident averagely received 9000uSV in the first 20 years after the event.The number goes around 10000uSv for the people in Fukushima in the first year.These numbers are absolutely over one's body endurance and will cause long and permanent illness(World Health Organization,2012).Although nuclear plants are low contaminative in usual condition,it is the worst disaster when something gets wrong. Another widely debated issue about nuclear safety is about the radioactive waste.The radioactive waste is the by-product of nuclear fission.Current method is to isolate the 12/20Prospective Probability of Nuclear Energy’s Prevalence in Civilian Usage 12 / 20 the same time Japan is also seeking opportunities to export its nuclear technology pursuing a considerable economic profit without domestic projection (The Japan Government, 2014). In conclusion, Japan is now adopting an active policy towards nuclear power. 4.3.4 Switzerland’s current policy—Negative Switzerland has alternated its energy policy after the nuclear accident in Fukushima, which greatly decreased the acceptance of nuclear power production among the general public in Switzerland. Given that the national elections were scheduled for autumn 2011, all political parties and candidates decided to take conservative attitude towards the nuclear power. And based on that changing public and politic opinion, the Swiss government enacted a new energy policy called the ‘energy strategy 2050’. According to that project, five nuclear power plants in Switzerland need to be switched off at the end of their official running period, and the construction of new nuclear power plants will not be allowed in the future. Interestingly, the Swiss government had issued an announcement on its energy policy in the year of 2009, two years before the Fukushima disaster, saying that the nuclear electricity would have played an important role in Switzerland’s electricity generation in the foreseeable future (Fischer, 2015). 5 Prospective Probability of Nuclear Energy’s Prevalence in Civil Usage 5.1 The obstacles of the prevalence of nuclear energy 5.1.1 The safety concerns The problem mostly concerned about nuclear energy is the radiation it releases. According to the report of United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 2010), the average background radiation we receive every year is around 2400μSv, nuclear powering enhances 0.18μSv the radiation per person per year exposed to globally. For the people living within 100km of the uranium mining area, the number goes up to around 25μSv. The number is around 0.1μSv for the population within 50km of nuclear power plants. Compared with the fact that a steel production factory causes about 100μSv under the same conditions, it doesn't seem to be a problem (UNSEAR, 2010). However, those numbers only work when everything goes right. The inhabitants of the areas polluted by Chernobyl accident averagely received 9000μSV in the first 20 years after the event. The number goes around 10000μSv for the people in Fukushima in the first year. These numbers are absolutely over one's body endurance and will cause long and permanent illness (World Health Organization, 2012). Although nuclear plants are low contaminative in usual condition, it is the worst disaster when something gets wrong. Another widely debated issue about nuclear safety is about the radioactive waste. The radioactive waste is the by-product of nuclear fission. Current method is to isolate the