6 then linked to tourist characteristics.As the detailed work on the tapestry of tourist motives evolves,contemporary work on motivation patterns may identify common staged or sequential patterns closely aligned to Cohen's formulation. Destination choices One way,but not the only way,of integrating travel motivation studies into other aspects of tourism research lies in connecting the motivation models and patterns to destination choice studies.There are many kinds of travel decisions and choices including selecting transport,accommodation and activity options.In more recent times the advent of consumer referral and evaluation systems,including popular internet sites such as TripAdvisor,have stimulated researchers'interest in tourists within-destination choices.Nevertheless,the overriding historical concern of tourism researchers has been in destination image and selection(March Woodside,2005; Pike,2002).Two broadly similar models,that of Um and Crompton(1990)and Woodside and Lysonski(1989)have dominated the field.These approaches and their derivatives systematically pursue a highly rational,choice set based,sequential process.This process consists of tourists supposedly engaging in an orderly sorting of alternatives,refining and filtering the options according to individual motives and the tourists'personal circumstances,and ultimately selecting the one final destination. The approach implicitly leans on the structured,orderly choice model of decision making summarised in earlier cognition and social psychology studies by Janis and Mann(1973)】 Goldstein(2011)reports more up-to-date work in cognition which reveals that the nature of decision making and the processes it involves are powerfully affected by how problems are presented.In some circumstances individuals will be rational and follow logical routes while in others a range of biases and emotion-charged heuristics will be employed.The application of the heuristics approach to decision making can be illustrated by considering accommodation choices linked to TripAdvisor.How are the comments read?Do would-be accommodation users follow a carefully structured elimination process built on rational consideration of the available options?Or do they glance at the first two or three comments and search for a heuristic such as a really negative comment which overpowers all the others? The potential answers to these questions are being worked out in the consumer behaviour and tourism studies literature and are beginning to involve the use of tourist motivation perspectives to illuminate the process (e.g.Yoo Gretzel,2008;Zhang, Pan,Smith,Li,2008).Motivation patterns provide the value and importance to the weightings of risk that tourists make in using information.The operation of availability heuristics(existing and recent knowledge)and representativeness heuristics(tried routines)seem to figure in some tourists'decisions and play a role in the emotional input into choices (De Martino,Kumaran,Seymour,Dolan,2006). These influences interact with the rational processes that are the focus of approaches such as expected utility theory,the approach which has underpinned most tourism models of destination decision making (Goldstein,2011). Despite these beginnings,a fully adequate link between understanding motives theoretically and applying them to destination choice models and problems has not yet been developed.Much of the tourism industry and applied literature uses features of the destination as de facto motives and while this contradicts the proper definition of motives as inherently push factors,there is a need to construct more bridges between these kinds of applied inquiries into motives and choices and the more formal academic literature6 then linked to tourist characteristics. As the detailed work on the tapestry of tourist motives evolves, contemporary work on motivation patterns may identify common staged or sequential patterns closely aligned to Cohen’s formulation. Destination choices One way, but not the only way, of integrating travel motivation studies into other aspects of tourism research lies in connecting the motivation models and patterns to destination choice studies. There are many kinds of travel decisions and choices including selecting transport, accommodation and activity options. In more recent times the advent of consumer referral and evaluation systems, including popular internet sites such as TripAdvisor, have stimulated researchers’ interest in tourists’ within-destination choices. Nevertheless, the overriding historical concern of tourism researchers has been in destination image and selection (March & Woodside, 2005; Pike, 2002). Two broadly similar models, that of Um and Crompton (1990) and Woodside and Lysonski (1989) have dominated the field. These approaches and their derivatives systematically pursue a highly rational, choice set based, sequential process. This process consists of tourists supposedly engaging in an orderly sorting of alternatives, refining and filtering the options according to individual motives and the tourists’ personal circumstances, and ultimately selecting the one final destination. The approach implicitly leans on the structured, orderly choice model of decision making summarised in earlier cognition and social psychology studies by Janis and Mann (1973). Goldstein (2011) reports more up-to-date work in cognition which reveals that the nature of decision making and the processes it involves are powerfully affected by how problems are presented. In some circumstances individuals will be rational and follow logical routes while in others a range of biases and emotion-charged heuristics will be employed. The application of the heuristics approach to decision making can be illustrated by considering accommodation choices linked to TripAdvisor. How are the comments read? Do would-be accommodation users follow a carefully structured elimination process built on rational consideration of the available options? Or do they glance at the first two or three comments and search for a heuristic such as a really negative comment which overpowers all the others? The potential answers to these questions are being worked out in the consumer behaviour and tourism studies literature and are beginning to involve the use of tourist motivation perspectives to illuminate the process (e.g. Yoo & Gretzel, 2008; Zhang, Pan, Smith, & Li, 2008). Motivation patterns provide the value and importance to the weightings of risk that tourists make in using information. The operation of availability heuristics (existing and recent knowledge) and representativeness heuristics (tried routines) seem to figure in some tourists’ decisions and play a role in the emotional input into choices (De Martino, Kumaran, Seymour, & Dolan, 2006). These influences interact with the rational processes that are the focus of approaches such as expected utility theory, the approach which has underpinned most tourism models of destination decision making (Goldstein, 2011). Despite these beginnings, a fully adequate link between understanding motives theoretically and applying them to destination choice models and problems has not yet been developed. Much of the tourism industry and applied literature uses features of the destination as de facto motives and while this contradicts the proper definition of motives as inherently push factors, there is a need to construct more bridges between these kinds of applied inquiries into motives and choices and the more formal academic literature