植物保护学报 44卷 土传病害效果好、降解快,对环境安全,所以土壤熏蒸蒸剂新品种研发及老品种应用技术改进的步伐,这对 剂在中国具有广阔的应用前景。但同时需要加紧熏保证保护地及高附加值作物可持续发展至关重要。 表2土壤熏蒸剂的应用情况 Table 2 The application situation of soil fumigants 熏蒸剂 防治谱 施药方式 Controlling spectrum ormulation 碘甲烷 病原菌、线虫、地下害虫、杂草 997%原液 主射、滴灌 Methyl iodide Pathogenic microorganisms, nematodes, 99.7% stock solution underground vermins, weed seeds trickle irrigation 1,3-二氯丙烯 线虫、病原菌、杂草 93.6%、70.7%乳油 注射、滴灌 1, 3-dichloropropene Nematodes, pathogenic microorganisms, 93.6%, 70.7% emulsifiable weed seeds concentrate trickle irrigation 氯化苦 病原菌、杂草、线虫 995%原液 主射、滴灌 Chloropicrin Pathogenic microorganism 99.5% stock solution Iniection nematodes, weed seeds trickle irrigation 线虫、地下害虫、病原菌、杂草 98%微粒剂、98%原药 撒施、沟施 Dazomet Nematodes, underground vermins, patho- 98% microgranule Broadcast genic microorganisms, weed seeds 98% stock solution furrow application 威百亩 病原菌、线虫、地下害虫、杂草 35%、42%水剂 滴灌、沟施 Metham sodium Pathogenic microorganisms, nematodes, 35%6, 42% aqueous solutions Trickle irrigation underground vermins, weed seeds 二甲基二硫 线虫、病原菌、杂草 95%、2%乳油 Dimethyl disulfide Nematodes, pathogenic microorganisms, 95%0, 2% emulsifiabl oncentrate 硫酰氟 线虫、病原菌、杂草 998%原药 分布带施药 Nematodes, pathogenic microorganisms, 99.8% stock solution Distribution zone weed seeds 异硫氰酸丙烯酯 病原菌、根结线虫、杂草 20%水乳剂 注射、滴灌 Allyl isothiocyanate Pathogenic microorganisms, nematodes, 20% emulsion in water weed seeds trickle irrigation 参考文献( References) Technology.45(4):1384-1390 Ashworth DJ, Yates SR, Luo LF, Xuan RC 2012. Phase partitioning Abou Zeid NM, Noher AM. 2014. Efficacy of DMDS as methyl bro- tention kinetics, and leaching of fumigant methyl iodide in ag- mide alternative in controlling soil borne diseases, root-knot ricultural soils. Science of the Total Environment, 432: 122-127 nematode and weeds on pepper, cucumber and tomato in Egypt. Ashworth DJ, Yates SR, van Wesenbeeck IJ, Stanghellini M. 2015. Ef- Acta Horticulturae 1044- 411-414 fect of co- formulation of 1, 3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin Allan M, Isagro CL. 2013. IRF135, allyl isothiocyanate(AlTc)regula- on evaporative emissions from soil. Journal of Agricultural an tory and development update. //Processing of the Annual Interna- Food Chemistry, 63(2): 415-421 tional Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Avato P, D' Addabbo T, Leonetti P, Argentieri MP 2013. Nematicidal Emissions Reductions. Washington: pp, 1-2 potential of Brassicaceae. Phytochemistry Reviews, 12(4): 791 Andersen MPS, Blake DR, Rowland FS, Hurley MD, Wallington TJ. 2009. Atmospheric chemistry of sulfuryl fluoride: reaction with Bangarwa SK, Norsworthy JK, Gbur EE 2012. Allyl isothiocyanate as OH radicals, CI atoms and o", atmospheric lifetime, IR spec- a methyl bromide altemative for weed management in polyethyl- trum, and global warming potential. Environmental Science and ene-mulched tomato. Weed Technology, 26(3): 449-454 Technology,43(4):1067-1070 Becker JO, Ohr HD, Grech NM, McGiffen ME, Sims JJ Jr. 1998. Eval. Ashworth DJ, Luo LF, Xuan RC, Yates SR, 2011. Irrigation, organic uation of methyl iodide as a soil fumigant in container and small matter addition, and tarping as methods of reducing emissions of field plot studies. Pesticide Science, 52(1): 58-62 methyl iodide from agricultural soil. Environmental Science and Blecker LA, Thomas JM. 2012. Soil fumigation manual, a national pes-土传病害效果好、降解快，对环境安全，所以土壤熏蒸 剂在中国具有广阔的应用前景。但同时需要加紧熏 蒸剂新品种研发及老品种应用技术改进的步伐，这对 保证保护地及高附加值作物可持续发展至关重要。 表2 土壤熏蒸剂的应用情况 Table 2 The application situation of soil fumigants 熏蒸剂 Fumigant 碘甲烷 Methyl iodide 1，3-二氯丙烯 1，3-dichloropropene 氯化苦 Chloropicrin 棉隆 Dazomet 威百亩 Metham sodium 二甲基二硫 Dimethyl disulfide 硫酰氟 Sulfuryl fluoride 异硫氰酸丙烯酯 Allyl isothiocyanate 防治谱 Controlling spectrum 病原菌、线虫、地下害虫、杂草 Pathogenic microorganisms，nematodes， underground vermins，weed seeds 线虫、病原菌、杂草 Nematodes，pathogenic microorganisms， weed seeds 病原菌、杂草、线虫 Pathogenic microorganisms， nematodes，weed seeds 线虫、地下害虫、病原菌、杂草 Nematodes，underground vermins，patho￾genic microorganisms，weed seeds 病原菌、线虫、地下害虫、杂草 Pathogenic microorganisms，nematodes， underground vermins，weed seeds 线虫、病原菌、杂草 Nematodes，pathogenic microorganisms， weed seeds 线虫、病原菌、杂草 Nematodes，pathogenic microorganisms， weed seeds 病原菌、根结线虫、杂草 Pathogenic microorganisms，nematodes， weed seeds 剂型 Formulation 99.7%原液 99.7% stock solution 93.6%、70.7%乳油 93.6%，70.7% emulsifiable concentrate 99.5%原液 99.5% stock solution 98%微粒剂、98%原药 98% microgranule， 98% stock solution 35%、42%水剂 35%，42% aqueous solutions 95%、2%乳油 95%，2% emulsifiable concentrate 99.8%原药 99.8% stock solution 20%水乳剂 20% emulsion in water 施药方式 Pesticide-using way 注射、滴灌 Injection, trickle irrigation 注射、滴灌 Injection, trickle irrigation 注射、滴灌 Injection， trickle irrigation 撒施、沟施 Broadcast， furrow application 滴灌、沟施 Trickle irrigation， furrow application 注射 Injection 分布带施药 Distribution zone 注射、滴灌 Injection， trickle irrigation 参 考 文 献（References） Abou Zeid NM, Noher AM. 2014. Efficacy of DMDS as methyl bro￾mide alternative in controlling soil borne diseases, root- knot nematode and weeds on pepper, cucumber and tomato in Egypt. Acta Horticulturae, 1044: 411-414 Allan M, Isagro CL. 2013. IRF135, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) regula￾tory and development update.//Processing of the Annual Interna￾tional Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. Washington: pp, 1-2 Andersen MPS, Blake DR, Rowland FS, Hurley MD, Wallington TJ. 2009. Atmospheric chemistry of sulfuryl fluoride: reaction with OH radicals, Cl atoms and O- 3 , atmospheric lifetime, IR spec￾trum, and global warming potential. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(4): 1067-1070 Ashworth DJ, Luo LF, Xuan RC, Yates SR. 2011. Irrigation, organic matter addition, and tarping as methods of reducing emissions of methyl iodide from agricultural soil. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(4): 1384-1390 Ashworth DJ, Yates SR, Luo LF, Xuan RC. 2012. Phase partitioning, retention kinetics, and leaching of fumigant methyl iodide in ag￾ricultural soils. Science of the Total Environment, 432: 122-127 Ashworth DJ, Yates SR, van Wesenbeeck IJ, Stanghellini M. 2015. Ef￾fect of co- formulation of 1,3- dichloropropene and chloropicrin on evaporative emissions from soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(2): 415-421 Avato P, D’Addabbo T, Leonetti P, Argentieri MP. 2013. Nematicidal potential of Brassicaceae. Phytochemistry Reviews, 12(4): 791- 802 Bangarwa SK, Norsworthy JK, Gbur EE. 2012. Allyl isothiocyanate as a methyl bromide alternative for weed management in polyethyl￾ene-mulched tomato. Weed Technology, 26(3): 449-454 Becker JO, Ohr HD, Grech NM, McGiffen ME, Sims JJ Jr. 1998. Eval￾uation of methyl iodide as a soil fumigant in container and small field plot studies. Pesticide Science, 52(1): 58-62 Blecker LA, Thomas JM. 2012. Soil fumigation manual, a national pes- 538 植 物 保 护 学 报 44卷