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第32卷第1期 农业现代化研究 Vol 32 No. 1 2011年1月 RESEARCH OF AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION Jan.2011 水资源胁迫下的区域产业结构优化路径与策略研究 以榆林市为例 文琦12,丁金梅1 (1.宁夏大学资源环境学院,宁夏银川750021:2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101) 摘要:榆林市既是我国能源富集区,又是生态环境脆弱区,水资源短缺成为其社会经济发展和生态建设的主要″瓶颈。本研究 用模糊数学与AHP方法建立了评价指标体系,并对20002005年榆林市水资源胁迫度进行测算,得出榆林市各年份水资源胁 迫度已接近或超过重度水平,并呈逐年增加趋势。通过分析三次产业结构演变及其用水态势,探讨了水资源与社会经济发展之 间的相互作用机理,认为社会经济发展与生态建设受水资源的强胁追,水资源短缺迫使产业向耐旱、低耗水、高效益等产业类型 转换,工业反哺解决了农业节水和远距离调水的资金”瓶颈,用水总量增加衍生了生态环境问题,进而又引发生态用水增加。最 后,提出了压粮种植业)扩饲收草业),推进舍饲养殖,促使农牧业协作发展;以"小杂粮"为主导,发展现代节水高效特色衣业: 发展循环经济,依靠技术和制度创新,走新型工业化道路等产业结构优化路径 关键词:水资源胁迫:产业结构优化:作用机理:;榆林市 中图分类号:P467文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-0275201101-0091-06 Optimal Path and Strategy of Regional Industrial Structure Under Water Resources intimidation: a Case study of yulin WEN Qi2, DING Jin (1. School of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; 2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China) Abstract: Yulin city is an enrichment region of energy resources, and an extremely vulnerable area as well in China. The energy resources' exploitation and eco-reconstruction has seriously restricted by water resources. Based on fuzzy mathematical and AHP method, it has estimated the water resources intimidation from 2000 to 2005 in Yulin city. The results show that water resource intimidation already approaches to or exceeds the heavy stress degree, and presents an increasing trend. In the basis of the analysis of the industrial structure and its characteristics of water use, the results indicates that agriculture has the biggest proportion in water use, along with the industry scale enlarging and eco-reconstruction, both industrial and ecological water use has been increasing. The interaction mechanism between water resources and society-economy development tells us that: the development of economy has restricted by water resources, which propels the industry to move to the direction of low water demand and high efficiency; impelled by the aridification, agrotype has conversed from crops to grazing and forest; the industry changes to the low water demand and high efficiency types, meanwhile, the industry incomes would help development water-saving agriculture and transform water, the increase of water demand in society and economy produces many eco-environment problems, such as, the excess utilization and declining water level of groundwater Key words: water resources intimidation; optimization of industry structure; interaction mechanism; Yulin city 榆林市既是我国能源资源富集区,又是生态环境极度脆境问题凸现而逐渐增多,主要集中于干旱区水资源与社会经 弱区,属于联合国教科文组织划定的重点缺水地区之一。济发展叫生态建设的关系,以及水土资源匹配与粮食安 1998年,国家计委在陕北地区建立唯一一个国家级能源重化全R、水资源优化配置等方面。有关水资源与产业结构方面 工基地,成为我国西煤东运、西气东输、西电东送的重要供给的研究主要侧重于黑河流域与黄土高原地区吗探讨了产业 地。然而榆林市地处毛乌素沙漠和黄土高原过渡地带,属典发展的水资源需求量。本文从产业发展受水资源的胁迫度及 型的干早、半干旱气候区,生态环境脆弱,降雨量少且时空分其相互作用机理寻求优化产业结构的路径。 布不均。水资源短缺已成为榆林市社会经济发展和生态建设 的主要“瓶颈”。如何保证稳定国家能源安全的能源工业用 1研究区域概况和数据来源 和维系生态安全的生态建设用水,成为榆林市亟待解决的问 榆林市位于陕西省最北部,东经107°28~111°15’,北 题之 纬36°57~39°34,与甘宁蒙晋4省(区)接壤,东西长 区域发展的水资源胁迫研究随社会经济发展和生态环385km,南北宽约263km,总土地面积为43578km’,占陕西省 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“农牧交错区资源大开发对土地退化的影响机制及优化途径研究”(编号40871257):国家重点基础研究计划 “北方干早化与人类适应 2006CB400505):宁夏大学211工程重点学科建设项目“草业科学与生态工程”子项目。 作者简介:文琦(979-) 阳人,博士(后,讲师,研究方向为农业与农村发展 收稿日期:2010-10-04:修 期:2010-11-24第 1 期 水资源胁迫下的区域产业结构优化路径与策略研究 ——以榆林市为例 文 琦 1,2 ,丁金梅 1 (1. 宁夏大学资源环境学院,宁夏 银川 750021;2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101) 摘 要:榆林市既是我国能源富集区,又是生态环境脆弱区,水资源短缺成为其社会经济发展和生态建设的主要 "瓶颈 "。本研究 运用模糊数学与 AHP 方法建立了评价指标体系,并对 2000- 2005 年榆林市水资源胁迫度进行测算,得出榆林市各年份水资源胁 迫度已接近或超过重度水平,并呈逐年增加趋势。通过分析三次产业结构演变及其用水态势,探讨了水资源与社会经济发展之 间的相互作用机理,认为社会经济发展与生态建设受水资源的强胁迫,水资源短缺迫使产业向耐旱、低耗水、高效益等产业类型 转换,工业反哺解决了农业节水和远距离调水的资金 "瓶颈 ",用水总量增加衍生了生态环境问题,进而又引发生态用水增加。最 后,提出了压粮(种植业)扩饲(牧草业),推进舍饲养殖,促使农牧业协作发展;以 "小杂粮 "为主导,发展现代节水高效特色农业; 发展循环经济,依靠技术和制度创新,走新型工业化道路等产业结构优化路径。 关键词:水资源胁迫;产业结构优化;作用机理;榆林市 中图分类号:P467 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-0275(2011)01-0091-06 Optimal Path and Strategy of Regional Industrial Structure Under Water Resources Intimidation: A Case Study of Yulin WEN Qi1,2, DING Jin-mei1 (1. School ofResources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; 2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural ResourcesResearch, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China) Abstract:Yulin city is an enrichment region of energy resources, and an extremely vulnerable area as well in China. The energy resources' exploitation and eco-reconstruction has seriously restricted by water resources. Based on fuzzy mathematical and AHP method, it has estimated the water resources intimidation from 2000 to 2005 in Yulin city. The results show that water resource intimidation already approaches to or exceeds the heavy stress degree, and presents an increasing trend. In the basis of the analysis of the industrial structure and its characteristics of water use, the results indicates that agriculture has the biggest proportion in water use, along with the industry scale enlarging and eco-reconstruction, both industrial and ecological water use has been increasing. The interaction mechanism between water resources and society-economy development tells us that: the development of economy has restricted by water resources, which propels the industry to move to the direction of low water demand and high efficiency; impelled by the aridification, agrotype has conversed from crops to grazing and forest; the industry changes to the low water demand and high efficiency types, meanwhile, the industry incomes would help development water-saving agriculture and transform water; the increase of water demand in society and economy produces many eco-environment problems, such as, the excess utilization and declining water level of groundwater. Key words:water resources intimidation; optimization of industry structure; interaction mechanism; Yulin city 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“农牧交错区资源大开发对土地退化的影响机制及优化途径研究”(编号:40871257);国家重点基础研究计划 “北方干旱化与人类适应”(编号: 2006CB400505);宁夏大学 211 工程重点学科建设项目“草业科学与生态工程”子项目。 作者简介:文 琦(1979-),宁夏彭阳人,博士(后),讲师,研究方向为农业与农村发展。 收稿日期:2010- 10- 04;修回日期:2010- 11- 24 榆林市既是我国能源资源富集区,又是生态环境极度脆 弱区,属于联合国教科文组织划定的重点缺水地区之一。 1998 年,国家计委在陕北地区建立唯一一个国家级能源重化 工基地,成为我国西煤东运、西气东输、西电东送的重要供给 地。然而榆林市地处毛乌素沙漠和黄土高原过渡地带,属典 型的干旱、半干旱气候区,生态环境脆弱,降雨量少且时空分 布不均。水资源短缺已成为榆林市社会经济发展和生态建设 的主要“瓶颈”。如何保证稳定国家能源安全的能源工业用水 和维系生态安全的生态建设用水,成为榆林市亟待解决的问 题之一。 区域发展的水资源胁迫研究随社会经济发展和生态环 境问题凸现而逐渐增多,主要集中于干旱区水资源与社会经 济发展[1]、生态建设[2,3]的关系,以及水土资源匹配与粮食安 全[4,5]、水资源优化配置[6,7]等方面。有关水资源与产业结构方面 的研究主要侧重于黑河流域与黄土高原地区[8- 10],探讨了产业 发展的水资源需求量。本文从产业发展受水资源的胁迫度及 其相互作用机理寻求优化产业结构的路径。 1 研究区域概况和数据来源 榆林市位于陕西省最北部,东经 107°28'~111°15',北 纬 36°57'~39°34',与甘宁蒙晋 4 省 (区) 接壤,东西长 385km,南北宽约 263 km,总土地面积为 43578km2 ,占陕西省 第 32 卷第 1 期 2011 年 1 月 Vol.32 No.1 Jan. 2011 农业现代化研究 RESEARCH OF AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION
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