The China Quarterly gLF period applied administrative means to prioritize export procure ment, where quotas were threatened by Chinas looming economic crisi Despite the growing threat of massive starvation, the CCP Central Committee and the State Council issued an"Emergency directive"on 26 October 1959 inaugurating the Yi qi, er xiang san chao("First squeeze, secondly replace, thirdly exceed") policy. The policy"squeezed"from the domestic economyall commodities which [had] not met the export plan and whose domestic consumption [could] be reduced or eliminated Secondly, it mandated the"replacement"of any export commodities that could not be procured on the domestic market by other obtainable, exportable goods. Thirdly, the policy insisted that production units exceed"their planned export quota. The policy also provided"Five priorities"(Wu youxian) status to all export products, guaranteeir priority in production and processing, in access to raw materials and packaging supplies, in procurement and in transportation. 4 A second important initiative was the Yijin yangchu ("Import pro duction inputs to produce exports")foreign trade programme. Its purpose was to increase foreign exchange by"importing raw materials, equipment and technology from abroad, processing [the material] into a finished product and then exporting it. "The basic strategy was straightforward guarantee export procurement and raise the amount of foreign exchange receipts derived from exports. It was achieved in part by launching a nation-wide procurement, export, allocation and transportation campaign (Shougou, chukou, diaoyun yundong), raising the value-added content of export commodities and increasing gold production. Such administrat- asures set the goals and provided the"stick"to mect and exceed By the early 1960s, the post-GLF elite realized they needed to provide certain" carrots"to motivate Chinese farmers and factory Agricultural producers were"bribed"with the increase of state procure ment prices and the institution of various bonus schemes. Mirroring initiatives taken on the domestic market, the leadership approved 23. Li Xiannian, Duiwai maoyi trade work"), in Li Xiannian, Li Xiannian lun caizheng jinrong maoyi, 1950-1991 (Li inance and Trade, 1950-1991), VoL. I(B Zhonghua renmin gongheguo jingji guanli dashiji(A Chronology of the Major Events in th s Economy and Management)( Beijing: Zhongguo jingji chubanshe, 1986), p 131 Secretaries, approved by the CCP Central Committee on 3 March 1960, in Dangd ngji guanli bianjibu, A C) ogy of Major Events in the PRC. 5. Tan Qingfeng, Yao Xuecong, and Li Shusen(eds ) Waimao fuchi shengchan shijian (The Practice of Supporting Foreign Trade Production)(Beijing: Zhongguo duiwai jing aoyi chubanshe, 1984), p 43; Zhongguo duiwai maoyi gailun bianxiezu(ed. ) Zhong duiwai maoyi gailun(An Introduction to Chinas Foreign Trade)(Beijing: Duiwai maoyi 26. Professional conference on problems of gold production called by the SEC 61, in Dangdai Zhongguo de jingji guanli bianjibu, A Chronology of Major Events in the 27. For instance, see"Guanyu liangshi jiangli banfa he youlian jiage wenti"("Methods for the grain bonus methods and problems in the oil crop pricing"), issued by the State Council