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第36卷第11期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.36 No.11 2014年11月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Now.2014 一株产氨浸铜细菌的分离与鉴定 王洪江四,吴爱祥,熊有为,胡凯建,黄明清 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100083 ☒通信作者,E-mail:wang1988@126.com 摘要从内蒙古某处土壤中分离出一株分解尿素的产氨细菌(命名为JAT一),革兰氏阴性,菌落表面平整湿润,乳白色,短 杆状.菌体尺寸为0.2-0.4um×1.5-2.0μm.结合16 S rDNA测定和菌株系统发育树分析,其与Providencia Sp.Sam130- 9A同源性高达99%.对其生长特性研究结果表明:JAT-1以10g·L1柠檬酸钠作为碳源,20g·L尿素作为氮源,最佳生长 pH值范围为8.0~9.5,最佳初始接种浓度20%.采用该细菌进行碱性铜矿摇瓶浸出实验,144h后铜浸出率可达42.38%,表 明该菌株具有应用于碱性铜矿浸出的潜力. 关键词铜矿;生物浸矿:细菌:氨:分离:鉴定 分类号TD925.5:TF18 Isolation and identification of an ammonia-producing copper leaching strain WANG Hongjiang,WU Ai-xiang,XIONG You-ei,HU Kai-jian,HUANG Ming-ging State Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:wanghj1988@126.com ABSTRACT An ammonia-producing strain isolated from Inner Mongolia in north China,which is capable of decomposing urea,was designated as strain JAT-1.Identification results show that this milky strain has a smooth and humid surface,and it is Gram-negative and rod-shaped in d0.2-0.4 um x 1.5-2.0 um.Based on the 16S rDNA sequencing and the phylogenetic tree,this strain was iden- tified as Providencia Sp.By means of the analysis of growth characteristics,the optimal growth condition was achieved when the con- centration of sodium citrate as a carbon source was 10gL,the concentration of urea as a nitrogen source was 20gL,the pH value was between 8.0 and 9.5,and the inoculum concentration was 20%.Alkaline copper ore bioleaching experiment in a shake flask with the ammonia-producing strain yielded a copper leaching efficiency of 42.38%in 144h.This result indicates that this strain has the po- tential for leaching the alkaline copper ore. KEY WORDS copper ores;bioleaching:bacteria:ammonia:isolation;identification 对于高含碱性脉石矿物的难选铜矿,目前主 资大因 要采用的处理方法有浮选、酸浸和氨浸·-习.然而 细菌浸矿技术具有成本低、投资少、污染小、工 浮选工艺复杂,药剂对环境污染严重.酸浸耗酸量 艺设备简单、工作条件温和等优点可.目前,对于产 大,化学反应生成难溶物堵塞浸出通道.采用加 氨细菌的研究和应用主要见于污水中有机氮的氨化 压氨浸在技术上可行,但经济效益较差):采用常 处理,农业上促进植物对尿素的吸收,以及医学上产 压搅拌氨浸则由于工业氨水的强烈挥发性,导致 脲酶细菌对动物生理的影响等-0.此外,国内的 处理成本增加,环境污染严重,且能耗高,设备投 黄国胜等曾报道过从海水中分离得到产氨细菌 收稿日期:201308-28 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50934002):高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20110006130003):长江学者和创新团 队发展计划资助项目(RT0950) DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2014.11.003:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn第 36 卷 第 11 期 2014 年 11 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 36 No. 11 Nov. 2014 一株产氨浸铜细菌的分离与鉴定 王洪江,吴爱祥,熊有为,胡凯建,黄明清 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京 100083  通信作者,E-mail: wanghj1988@ 126. com 摘 要 从内蒙古某处土壤中分离出一株分解尿素的产氨细菌( 命名为 JAT--1) ,革兰氏阴性,菌落表面平整湿润,乳白色,短 杆状. 菌体尺寸为 0. 2 ~ 0. 4 μm × 1. 5 ~ 2. 0 μm. 结合 16S rDNA 测定和菌株系统发育树分析,其与 Providencia Sp. Sam 130-- 9A 同源性高达 99% . 对其生长特性研究结果表明: JAT--1 以 10 g·L - 1柠檬酸钠作为碳源,20 g·L - 1尿素作为氮源,最佳生长 pH 值范围为 8. 0 ~ 9. 5,最佳初始接种浓度 20% . 采用该细菌进行碱性铜矿摇瓶浸出实验,144 h 后铜浸出率可达 42. 38% ,表 明该菌株具有应用于碱性铜矿浸出的潜力. 关键词 铜矿; 生物浸矿; 细菌; 氨; 分离; 鉴定 分类号 TD 925. 5; TF 18 Isolation and identification of an ammonia-producing copper leaching strain WANG Hong-jiang ,WU Ai-xiang,XIONG You-wei,HU Kai-jian,HUANG Ming-qing State Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China  Corresponding author,E-mail: wanghj1988@ 126. com ABSTRACT An ammonia-producing strain isolated from Inner Mongolia in north China,which is capable of decomposing urea,was designated as strain JAT--1. Identification results show that this milky strain has a smooth and humid surface,and it is Gram-negative and rod-shaped in 0. 2 - 0. 4 μm × 1. 5 - 2. 0 μm. Based on the 16S rDNA sequencing and the phylogenetic tree,this strain was iden￾tified as Providencia Sp. By means of the analysis of growth characteristics,the optimal growth condition was achieved when the con￾centration of sodium citrate as a carbon source was 10 g·L - 1,the concentration of urea as a nitrogen source was 20 g·L - 1,the pH value was between 8. 0 and 9. 5,and the inoculum concentration was 20% . Alkaline copper ore bioleaching experiment in a shake flask with the ammonia-producing strain yielded a copper leaching efficiency of 42. 38% in 144 h. This result indicates that this strain has the po￾tential for leaching the alkaline copper ore. KEY WORDS copper ores; bioleaching; bacteria; ammonia; isolation; identification 收稿日期: 2013--08--28 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目( 50934002) ; 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目( 20110006130003) ; 长江学者和创新团 队发展计划资助项目( IRT0950) DOI: 10. 13374 /j. issn1001--053x. 2014. 11. 003; http: / /journals. ustb. edu. cn 对于高含碱性脉石矿物的难选铜矿,目前主 要采用的处理方法有浮选、酸浸和氨浸[1 - 3]. 然而 浮选工艺复杂,药剂对环境污染严重. 酸浸耗酸量 大,化学反应生成难溶物堵塞浸出通道[4]. 采用加 压氨浸在技术上可行,但经济效益较差[5]; 采用常 压搅拌氨浸则由于工业氨水的强烈挥发性,导致 处理成本增加,环境污染严重,且能耗高,设备投 资大[6]. 细菌浸矿技术具有成本低、投资少、污染小、工 艺设备简单、工作条件温和等优点[7]. 目前,对于产 氨细菌的研究和应用主要见于污水中有机氮的氨化 处理,农业上促进植物对尿素的吸收,以及医学上产 脲酶细菌对动物生理的影响等[8 - 10]. 此外,国内的 黄国胜等[11]曾报道过从海水中分离得到产氨细菌
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