第36卷第11期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.36 No.11 2014年11月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Now.2014 一株产氨浸铜细菌的分离与鉴定 王洪江四,吴爱祥,熊有为,胡凯建,黄明清 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100083 ☒通信作者,E-mail:wang1988@126.com 摘要从内蒙古某处土壤中分离出一株分解尿素的产氨细菌(命名为JAT一),革兰氏阴性,菌落表面平整湿润,乳白色,短 杆状.菌体尺寸为0.2-0.4um×1.5-2.0μm.结合16 S rDNA测定和菌株系统发育树分析,其与Providencia Sp.Sam130- 9A同源性高达99%.对其生长特性研究结果表明:JAT-1以10g·L1柠檬酸钠作为碳源,20g·L尿素作为氮源,最佳生长 pH值范围为8.0~9.5,最佳初始接种浓度20%.采用该细菌进行碱性铜矿摇瓶浸出实验,144h后铜浸出率可达42.38%,表 明该菌株具有应用于碱性铜矿浸出的潜力. 关键词铜矿;生物浸矿:细菌:氨:分离:鉴定 分类号TD925.5:TF18 Isolation and identification of an ammonia-producing copper leaching strain WANG Hongjiang,WU Ai-xiang,XIONG You-ei,HU Kai-jian,HUANG Ming-ging State Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:wanghj1988@126.com ABSTRACT An ammonia-producing strain isolated from Inner Mongolia in north China,which is capable of decomposing urea,was designated as strain JAT-1.Identification results show that this milky strain has a smooth and humid surface,and it is Gram-negative and rod-shaped in d0.2-0.4 um x 1.5-2.0 um.Based on the 16S rDNA sequencing and the phylogenetic tree,this strain was iden- tified as Providencia Sp.By means of the analysis of growth characteristics,the optimal growth condition was achieved when the con- centration of sodium citrate as a carbon source was 10gL,the concentration of urea as a nitrogen source was 20gL,the pH value was between 8.0 and 9.5,and the inoculum concentration was 20%.Alkaline copper ore bioleaching experiment in a shake flask with the ammonia-producing strain yielded a copper leaching efficiency of 42.38%in 144h.This result indicates that this strain has the po- tential for leaching the alkaline copper ore. KEY WORDS copper ores;bioleaching:bacteria:ammonia:isolation;identification 对于高含碱性脉石矿物的难选铜矿,目前主 资大因 要采用的处理方法有浮选、酸浸和氨浸·-习.然而 细菌浸矿技术具有成本低、投资少、污染小、工 浮选工艺复杂,药剂对环境污染严重.酸浸耗酸量 艺设备简单、工作条件温和等优点可.目前,对于产 大,化学反应生成难溶物堵塞浸出通道.采用加 氨细菌的研究和应用主要见于污水中有机氮的氨化 压氨浸在技术上可行,但经济效益较差):采用常 处理,农业上促进植物对尿素的吸收,以及医学上产 压搅拌氨浸则由于工业氨水的强烈挥发性,导致 脲酶细菌对动物生理的影响等-0.此外,国内的 处理成本增加,环境污染严重,且能耗高,设备投 黄国胜等曾报道过从海水中分离得到产氨细菌 收稿日期:201308-28 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50934002):高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20110006130003):长江学者和创新团 队发展计划资助项目(RT0950) DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2014.11.003:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn第 36 卷 第 11 期 2014 年 11 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 36 No. 11 Nov. 2014 一株产氨浸铜细菌的分离与鉴定 王洪江,吴爱祥,熊有为,胡凯建,黄明清 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京 100083 通信作者,E-mail: wanghj1988@ 126. com 摘 要 从内蒙古某处土壤中分离出一株分解尿素的产氨细菌( 命名为 JAT--1) ,革兰氏阴性,菌落表面平整湿润,乳白色,短 杆状. 菌体尺寸为 0. 2 ~ 0. 4 μm × 1. 5 ~ 2. 0 μm. 结合 16S rDNA 测定和菌株系统发育树分析,其与 Providencia Sp. Sam 130-- 9A 同源性高达 99% . 对其生长特性研究结果表明: JAT--1 以 10 g·L - 1柠檬酸钠作为碳源,20 g·L - 1尿素作为氮源,最佳生长 pH 值范围为 8. 0 ~ 9. 5,最佳初始接种浓度 20% . 采用该细菌进行碱性铜矿摇瓶浸出实验,144 h 后铜浸出率可达 42. 38% ,表 明该菌株具有应用于碱性铜矿浸出的潜力. 关键词 铜矿; 生物浸矿; 细菌; 氨; 分离; 鉴定 分类号 TD 925. 5; TF 18 Isolation and identification of an ammonia-producing copper leaching strain WANG Hong-jiang ,WU Ai-xiang,XIONG You-wei,HU Kai-jian,HUANG Ming-qing State Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail: wanghj1988@ 126. com ABSTRACT An ammonia-producing strain isolated from Inner Mongolia in north China,which is capable of decomposing urea,was designated as strain JAT--1. Identification results show that this milky strain has a smooth and humid surface,and it is Gram-negative and rod-shaped in 0. 2 - 0. 4 μm × 1. 5 - 2. 0 μm. Based on the 16S rDNA sequencing and the phylogenetic tree,this strain was identified as Providencia Sp. By means of the analysis of growth characteristics,the optimal growth condition was achieved when the concentration of sodium citrate as a carbon source was 10 g·L - 1,the concentration of urea as a nitrogen source was 20 g·L - 1,the pH value was between 8. 0 and 9. 5,and the inoculum concentration was 20% . Alkaline copper ore bioleaching experiment in a shake flask with the ammonia-producing strain yielded a copper leaching efficiency of 42. 38% in 144 h. This result indicates that this strain has the potential for leaching the alkaline copper ore. KEY WORDS copper ores; bioleaching; bacteria; ammonia; isolation; identification 收稿日期: 2013--08--28 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目( 50934002) ; 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目( 20110006130003) ; 长江学者和创新团 队发展计划资助项目( IRT0950) DOI: 10. 13374 /j. issn1001--053x. 2014. 11. 003; http: / /journals. ustb. edu. cn 对于高含碱性脉石矿物的难选铜矿,目前主 要采用的处理方法有浮选、酸浸和氨浸[1 - 3]. 然而 浮选工艺复杂,药剂对环境污染严重. 酸浸耗酸量 大,化学反应生成难溶物堵塞浸出通道[4]. 采用加 压氨浸在技术上可行,但经济效益较差[5]; 采用常 压搅拌氨浸则由于工业氨水的强烈挥发性,导致 处理成本增加,环境污染严重,且能耗高,设备投 资大[6]. 细菌浸矿技术具有成本低、投资少、污染小、工 艺设备简单、工作条件温和等优点[7]. 目前,对于产 氨细菌的研究和应用主要见于污水中有机氮的氨化 处理,农业上促进植物对尿素的吸收,以及医学上产 脲酶细菌对动物生理的影响等[8 - 10]. 此外,国内的 黄国胜等[11]曾报道过从海水中分离得到产氨细菌