Tumour suppressor gene(tsg) Caretaker genes: TSGs that are indirectly involved in controlling cellular proliferation by y repairing dna damage and maintaining genomic integrity, thereby protecting proto-oncogenes and gatekeeper TSGs from mutations that could lead to cancer. E.g., ATM, BRCA1/2, MLHI, MSH2, XPA Gatekeeper genes: Tumor-suppressor genes that directly regulate cell proliferation. E.g., APC, CDKN2A RB TP53 VHLTumour suppressor gene (TSG) • Caretaker genes: TSGs that are indirectly involved in controlling cellular proliferation by repairing DNA damage and maintaining genomic integrity, thereby protecting proto-oncogenes and gatekeeper TSGs from mutations that could lead to cancer. E.g., ATM, BRCA1/2, MLH1, MSH2, XPA. • Gatekeeper genes: Tumor-suppressor genes that directly regulate cell proliferation. E.g., APC, CDKN2A, RB, TP53, VHL