Michelle Banks, Erin Bealmear, Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda H. Ferrara, Kristin Hart Melissa Hill, Laura S Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol Schwartz, and Christine Tomassini, St James Press Staff laria Franklin, Permissions Manager Debra J. Freitas. Permissions assistant Mary Grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Rhonda williams. Senior Buver Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Michael Logusz, Graphic Artist assett, Image Database Supervisor Duncan, Imaging Specialists A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Conter While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St James Press does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing: and inclusion of an organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. rrors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future This publicatie reative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by petition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the informatior All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended Copyright 8 2000 Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data International dictionary of films and filmmakers /editors, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast-4th ed p. cm. Contents: 1. Films-2 Directors-3 Actors and actresses-4. Writers and production artists ISBN1-55862-449X(set)-ISBN1-55862-450-3(V.1)-ISBN1-55862-477-5(V.2) ISBN1-55862-452X(v.3)—ISBN1-55862-453-8(.4) 1. Motion pictures-Plots, themes, etc. 2. Motion picture producers and directors-Biography-- Dictionaries. 3. Motion picture actors and actresses-Biography-Dictionaries. 4. Screenwriters- Biography-Dictionaries. I. Pendergast, Tom. Il Pendergast, Sara. PN1997.8582000 791.4303-dc2100-064024 CI Cover photograph-David Cronenberg courtesy the Kobal Collection Printed in the United States of america St James Press is an imprint of Gale Group Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license 10987654321Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, Editors Michael J. Tyrkus, Project Coordinator Michelle Banks, Erin Bealmear, Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda H. Ferrara, Kristin Hart, Melissa Hill, Laura S. Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol Schwartz, and Christine Tomassini, St. James Press Staff Peter M. Gareffa, Managing Editor Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager Debra J. Freitas, Permissions Assistant Mary Grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Rhonda Williams, Senior Buyer Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Michael Logusz, Graphic Artist Randy Bassett, Image Database Supervisor Robert Duncan, Imaging Specialists Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Content While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St. James Press does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright © 2000 St. James Press 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International dictionary of films and filmmakers / editors, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast.—4th ed. p. cm. Contents: 1. Films — 2. Directors — 3. Actors and actresses — 4. Writers and production artists. ISBN 1-55862-449-X (set) — ISBN 1-55862-450-3 (v. 1) — ISBN 1-55862-477-5 (v. 2) — ISBN 1-55862-452-X (v. 3) — ISBN 1-55862-453-8 (v. 4) 1. Motion pictures—Plots, themes, etc. 2. Motion picture producers and directors—Biography— Dictionaries. 3. Motion picture actors and actresses—Biography—Dictionaries. 4. Screenwriters— Biography—Dictionaries. I. Pendergast, Tom. II. Pendergast, Sara. PN1997.8.I58 2000 791.43’03—dc2100-064024 CIP Cover photograph—David Cronenberg courtesy the Kobal Collection Printed in the United States of America St. James Press is an imprint of Gale Group Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1