International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers- 2 DIRECTORS FOURTH EDITION EDITOR TOM PENDERGAST SARA PENDERGAST ST JAMES PRESS ANIMPHINT OF THE GALE GHOUP DETROIT NEW YORK.SAN FRANCISCO
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers- 2 DIRECTORS FOURTH EDITION EDITORS TOM PENDERGAST SARA PENDERGAST
nternational Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers Volume I FILMS Volume 2 DIRECTORS Volume 3 ACtoRS and ACTresseS Volume 4 WRITERS and PRODUCTION ARTISTS
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers Volume 1 FILMS Volume 2 DIRECTORS Volume 3 ACTORS and ACTRESSES Volume 4 WRITERS and PRODUCTION ARTISTS
Michelle Banks, Erin Bealmear, Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda H. Ferrara, Kristin Hart Melissa Hill, Laura S Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol Schwartz, and Christine Tomassini, St James Press Staff laria Franklin, Permissions Manager Debra J. Freitas. Permissions assistant Mary Grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Rhonda williams. Senior Buver Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Michael Logusz, Graphic Artist assett, Image Database Supervisor Duncan, Imaging Specialists A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Conter While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St James Press does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing: and inclusion of an organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. rrors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future This publicatie reative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by petition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the informatior All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended Copyright 8 2000 Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data International dictionary of films and filmmakers /editors, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast-4th ed p. cm. Contents: 1. Films-2 Directors-3 Actors and actresses-4. Writers and production artists ISBN1-55862-449X(set)-ISBN1-55862-450-3(V.1)-ISBN1-55862-477-5(V.2) ISBN1-55862-452X(v.3)—ISBN1-55862-453-8(.4) 1. Motion pictures-Plots, themes, etc. 2. Motion picture producers and directors-Biography-- Dictionaries. 3. Motion picture actors and actresses-Biography-Dictionaries. 4. Screenwriters- Biography-Dictionaries. I. Pendergast, Tom. Il Pendergast, Sara. PN1997.8582000 791.4303-dc2100-064024 CI Cover photograph-David Cronenberg courtesy the Kobal Collection Printed in the United States of america St James Press is an imprint of Gale Group Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license 10987654321
Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, Editors Michael J. Tyrkus, Project Coordinator Michelle Banks, Erin Bealmear, Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda H. Ferrara, Kristin Hart, Melissa Hill, Laura S. Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol Schwartz, and Christine Tomassini, St. James Press Staff Peter M. Gareffa, Managing Editor Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager Debra J. Freitas, Permissions Assistant Mary Grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Rhonda Williams, Senior Buyer Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Michael Logusz, Graphic Artist Randy Bassett, Image Database Supervisor Robert Duncan, Imaging Specialists Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Content While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St. James Press does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright © 2000 St. James Press 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International dictionary of films and filmmakers / editors, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast.—4th ed. p. cm. Contents: 1. Films — 2. Directors — 3. Actors and actresses — 4. Writers and production artists. ISBN 1-55862-449-X (set) — ISBN 1-55862-450-3 (v. 1) — ISBN 1-55862-477-5 (v. 2) — ISBN 1-55862-452-X (v. 3) — ISBN 1-55862-453-8 (v. 4) 1. Motion pictures—Plots, themes, etc. 2. Motion picture producers and directors—Biography— Dictionaries. 3. Motion picture actors and actresses—Biography—Dictionaries. 4. Screenwriters— Biography—Dictionaries. I. Pendergast, Tom. II. Pendergast, Sara. PN1997.8.I58 2000 791.43’03—dc2100-064024 CIP Cover photograph—David Cronenberg courtesy the Kobal Collection Printed in the United States of America St. James Press is an imprint of Gale Group Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS EDITORS NOTE BOARD OF ADVISERS CONTRIBUTORS LIST OF ENTRANTS XII DIRECTORS PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS l111 NOTES ON ADVISERS AND CONTRIBUTORS l115 NATIONALITY INDEX FILM TITLE INDEX 1133
CONTENTS EDITORS’ NOTE vii BOARD OF ADVISERS ix CONTRIBUTORS xi LIST OF ENTRANTS xiii DIRECTORS 1 PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1111 NOTES ON ADVISERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 1115 NATIONALITY INDEX 1127 FILM TITLE INDEX 1133
EDITORS’NOTE This is a revised edition of the 2nd volume of the International Dictionary of films and Filmmakers, which also includes Volume 1 Films, Volume 3, Actors and Actresses, and Volume 4, Writers and Production Artists. The book comprises more than 483 entries, consisting of a brief biography, a complete filmography, a selected bibliography of works by and about the entrant, and a critical essay written by a specialist in the field. There are 66 entrants new to this edition. Most of the entries from the previous edition have een retained here; all entries have updated filmographies and bibliographies; and many entries have updated critical essays. Since film is primarily a visual medium, the majority of entries are illustrated, either by a portrait or by a representative still from the entrant's body of work. The selection of entrants is once again based on the recommendations of the advisory board. It was not thought necessary to propose strict criteria for selection: the book is intended to represent the wide range of interests within North American, British, and West European film scholarship and criticism. The eclecticism in both the list of entrants and the critical stances of the different writers emphasizes the multifarious notions of the cinema, and indeed of the various entrants' role within it. On the vexing question of authorship in the cinema, it is to be hoped that this volume is properly seen in the context of a series which also focuses on the contribution to the cinema or actors and actresses (Volume 3), along with screenwriters, cinematographers, editors, animators opposers, and other production artists (Volume 4), as well as the individual films themselves (Volume 1) Thanks are due to the following: Nicolet V. Elert and Michael J. Tyrkus at St. James Press, for their efforts in preparing this collection for publication; Michael Najjar, for his tireless efforts in researching the entries; our advisers, for their wisdom and broad knowledge of international cinema; and our contributors, for their gracious participation. We have necessarily built upon the work of the editors who have preceded us, and we thank them for the strong foundation they created A Note on the entries Non-English language film titles are given in the original language or a transliteration of it, unless they are better known internationally by their English title. Alternate release titles in the original language(s)are found within parentheses, followed by release titles in English(American then British if there is a difference)and translations. The date of a film is understood to refer to its year of release unless stated otherwise In the list of films in each entry, information within parentheses following each film modifies, if necessary, then adds to the subjects principal function(s). The most common abbreviations used are: animator chor choreographer d director exec xecutive mus musIc ph inematographer or director of photography r role scenarist or scriptwriter The abbreviationco-preceding a function indicates collaboration with one or more persons. Other abbreviations that may be sed to clarify the nature of an individual film are" doc"documentary; anim'-animation; and"ep'-episode A name in parentheses following a film title is that of the director. A film title in boldface type indicates that complete coverage of that film may be found in the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, Volume 1: Films
vii EDITORS’ NOTE This is a revised edition of the 2nd volume of the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, which also includes Volume 1, Films, Volume 3, Actors and Actresses, and Volume 4, Writers and Production Artists. The book comprises more than 483 entries, consisting of a brief biography, a complete filmography, a selected bibliography of works by and about the entrant, and a critical essay written by a specialist in the field. There are 66 entrants new to this edition. Most of the entries from the previous edition have been retained here; all entries have updated filmographies and bibliographies; and many entries have updated critical essays. Since film is primarily a visual medium, the majority of entries are illustrated, either by a portrait or by a representative still from the entrant’s body of work. The selection of entrants is once again based on the recommendations of the advisory board. It was not thought necessary to propose strict criteria for selection: the book is intended to represent the wide range of interests within North American, British, and West European film scholarship and criticism. The eclecticism in both the list of entrants and the critical stances of the different writers emphasizes the multifarious notions of the cinema, and indeed of the various entrants’ role within it. On the vexing question of authorship in the cinema, it is to be hoped that this volume is properly seen in the context of a series which also focuses on the contribution to the cinema or actors and actresses (Volume 3), along with screenwriters, cinematographers, editors, animators, composers, and other production artists (Volume 4), as well as the individual films themselves (Volume 1). Thanks are due to the following: Nicolet V. Elert and Michael J. Tyrkus at St. James Press, for their efforts in preparing this collection for publication; Michael Najjar, for his tireless efforts in researching the entries; our advisers, for their wisdom and broad knowledge of international cinema; and our contributors, for their gracious participation. We have necessarily built upon the work of the editors who have preceded us, and we thank them for the strong foundation they created. A Note on the Entries Non-English language film titles are given in the original language or a transliteration of it, unless they are better known internationally by their English title. Alternate release titles in the original language(s) are found within parentheses, followed by release titles in English (American then British if there is a difference) and translations. The date of a film is understood to refer to its year of release unless stated otherwise. In the list of films in each entry, information within parentheses following each film modifies, if necessary, then adds to the subject’s principal function(s). The most common abbreviations used are: an animator assoc associate asst assistant chor choreographer d director ed editor exec executive mus music ph cinematographer or director of photography pr producer prod des production designer ro role sc scenarist or scriptwriter The abbreviation ‘‘co-’’ preceding a function indicates collaboration with one or more persons. Other abbreviations that may be used to clarify the nature of an individual film are ‘‘doc’’—documentary; ‘‘anim’’—animation; and ‘‘ep’’—episode. A name in parentheses following a film title is that of the director. A film title in boldface type indicates that complete coverage of that film may be found in the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, Volume 1: Films
BOARD OF ADVISERS Dudley Andrew Susan K. larsen Jeanine Basinger Audrey T Mc Cluskey Ronald Bergan Gary morris Gary Crowdus Dan nissen Robert von Dassanowsky Julian Petley Jack C. Ellis Christopher Pickard Susan felleman Dana b. polan Douglas Gomery Frank p. tomasulo Leonardo garcia tsao Robyn Karney Aruna vasudevan Philip Kemp
ix BOARD OF ADVISERS Dudley Andrew Jeanine Basinger Ronald Bergan Lewis Cole Gary Crowdus Robert von Dassanowsky Jack C. Ellis Susan Felleman Ben Gibson Douglas Gomery Rajko Grlic Robyn Karney Philip Kemp Susan K. Larsen Audrey T. McCluskey Ib Monty Gary Morris Dan Nissen Julian Petley Christopher Pickard Dana B. Polan Paul Shields Frank P. Tomasulo Leonardo Garcia Tsao Aruna Vasudevan
CONTRIBUTORS Charles affront Douglas Gomery Liam O'Leary Mirella Jona Affront Vladimir Pela Dudley Andrew Patricia King hanson Dayna Oscherwitz Roy Armes Stephen L. Hanson R. Barton Palmer Jose arro Ann harris Robert j. pardi Erik barnouw Louise heck-Rabi Richard Penia John Baxter Kevin hillstrom Duncan Petrie Kyoko Hirano francoise Pfaff Audie Judy Hoffman Gene D. Phillips De witt bodeen Deborah h. goldstein Zuzana mirjam Pick David bordwell lin ho Dana b. polan Ronald bowers Robert horton Richard porton Stephen e. bowles Vivian huang Victoria price Stuart M. Kaminsky Lauren rabinovitz Geoff Brown Joel Kanoff Maria racheva Robert burgoyne Robyn Karney Herbert Reynolds Julianne burt Dave Kehr Chris routledge E. Rubinstei Ross care hilip Kem Michel ciment Satti Khanna Marie sachi T Elizabeth cline Curtis schade Katherine Singer Kovacs Lillian Schiff Cynthia Close Tom Conley Audrey E Kupferberg Steven schneider amantha Cook Joseph Lanza Kevin j. Costa Michael Seli David Shipman Tony D Ulrike Siegl Gertraud Ste Kimball Lockhart Charles l. P. silet einer Daviau Pamala s. Deane Janet e lorenz Charles derry Glenn lovell P. Adams Sitney Wheeler Winston Dixon Ed Lowry Josef skvorecky Susan doll G. C. Macnab Anthony Slide Robert dunbar Elaine mancini Edward s small Raymond Durgnat Roger manvel Eric Smoodin Cecile starr Robert edmonds Gerald Mast b Sullivan Jack C. ellis John McCarty Karel Tabery Gretchen Elsner-Sommel Richard tayle Russell merritt J. P Mark w. estrin Lloyd Michael John C. Tibbetts Quentin Falk Joseph Milicia Doug Tomlinson Norman Miller Andrew Tudor Rodney Farnsworth Ib monty Blazena urgosikova Howard Feinstein James morrison Ravi vasudevan Susan feller John mraz Dorothee verdaasdonk Leslie Felperin William T. Murphy Ginette Vincendeau Lilie ferrari Ray narducy Mark walker Theresa FitzGerald Dennis Nastav James M. Wel Manuel dos santos fonseca lexa Foreman Bill nichols M.B. White Saul Frampton Dan Nissen Colin williams Frances gateward Clea h. notar Bill wine Tina gianoulis Jessica wolff Verina glaessner Kan Robin wood
xi CONTRIBUTORS Charles Affron Mirella Jona Affron Dudley Andrew Roy Armes José Arroyo Erik Barnouw Jeanine Basinger John Baxter Birgit Beumers Audie Bock DeWitt Bodeen David Bordwell Ronald Bowers Stephen E. Bowles Stephen Brophy Geoff Brown Robert Burgoyne Julianne Burton Fred Camper Ross Care Michel Ciment Elizabeth Cline Cynthia Close Tom Conley Samantha Cook Kevin J. Costa R. F. Cousins Tony D’Arpino Gertraud Steiner Daviau Pamala S. Deane Charles Derry Wheeler Winston Dixon Susan Doll Robert Dunbar Raymond Durgnat Rob Edelman Robert Edmonds Jack C. Ellis Gretchen Elsner-Sommer Patricia Erens Mark W. Estrin Quentin Falk Greg Faller Rodney Farnsworth Howard Feinstein Susan Felleman Leslie Felperin Lilie Ferrari Theresa FitzGerald Manuel Dos Santos Fonseca Alexa Foreman Saul Frampton Frances Gateward Tina Gianoulis Jill Gillespie Verina Glaessner Douglas Gomery Justin Gustainis Patricia King Hanson Stephen L. Hanson Ann Harris Louise Heck-Rabi Ellie Higgins Kevin Hillstrom Kyoko Hirano Judy Hoffman Deborah H. Holdstein Guo-Juin Hong Robert Horton Vivian Huang Stuart M. Kaminsky Joel Kanoff Robyn Karney Dave Kehr Philip Kemp Satti Khanna Tammy Kinsey Katherine Singer Kovács Audrey E. Kupferberg Joseph Lanza Samuel Lelievre James L. Limbacher Richard Lippe Kimball Lockhart Janet E. Lorenz Glenn Lovell Ed Lowry G. C. Macnab Elaine Mancini Roger Manvell Gina Marchetti Gerald Mast John McCarty Vacláv Merhaut Russell Merritt Lloyd Michaels Joseph Milicia Norman Miller Ib Monty James Morrison John Mraz William T. Murphy Ray Narducy Dennis Nastav Kim Newman Bill Nichols Dan Nissen Clea H. Notar Linda J. Obalil Daniel O’Brien John O’Kane Liam O’Leary Vladimír Opela Dayna Oscherwitz R. Barton Palmer Robert J. Pardi Richard Peña Julian Petley Duncan J. Petrie Françoise Pfaff Gene D. Phillips Zuzana Mirjam Pick Dana B. Polan Richard Porton Victoria Price Lauren Rabinovitz Maria Racheva Herbert Reynolds Chris Routledge E. Rubinstein Marie Saeli Curtis Schade Lillian Schiff Steven Schneider H. Wayne Schuth Michael Selig David Shipman Ulrike Sieglohr Charles L. P. Silet Scott Simmon P. Adams Sitney Josef Skvorecký Anthony Slide Edward S. Small Eric Smoodin Cecile Starr Bob Sullivan Karel Tabery Richard Taylor J. P. Telotte John C. Tibbetts Doug Tomlinson Andrew Tudor Blažena Urgošíková Ravi Vasudevan Dorothee Verdaasdonk Ginette Vincendeau Mark Walker James M. Welsh Dennis West M. B. White Colin Williams Bill Wine Rob Winning Jessica Wolff Robin Wood
LIST OF ENTRANTS Percy Adlon Charles burnett Chantal Akerman Woody allen Michael Cacoyannis Allan dwan Pedro almodovar James Cameron Robert Altman Jane Campion Clint eastwood Alvarez Frank Atom Egoyan Leos carax Sergei Eisenstein Theodoros Angelopoulos Marcel Carne Jean Epstein John Carpenter Jean eustache Antonioni John Cassavetes Michael Apted Renato castellani Zoltan fabri Gregg araki Albe ainer Werner Fassbinder Claude chabrol Safi Faye Gillian Armstrong Youssef Chahine Paul feios Dorothy Arzner Charles Chaplin Federico Fellini Timothy Asch Chen Kaige Emilio fernandez Hal ashby Benjamin Christensen Abel Ferrara Alexandre Astruc Louis Feuillade Michael cimino Jacques Feyder Bille August Souleymane cisse David Fincher Claude autant-Lara Rene clair Robert Flaherty Shirley Clarke Victor Fleming Lloyd Bacon Jack Clayton Robert Florey John Badham Rene clement John ford Bruce baillie Henri-Georges Clouzot Milos forman Juan Antonio bardem Jean Cocteau Willi Forst Boris barnet Joel Coen Bill Forsyth Paul bartel Martha Coolidge Bob Fosse Evgeni Bauer francis Ford Coppola John Frankenheimer Mario bava Roger Corman Sidney franklin Jacques Becker Constantin Costa-Gavras Stephen Frears Wes Craven Martin fric Marco bellocchio Charles crichton Fridrik Thor fridriksson Maria Luisa bemberg John Cromwell William Friedkin David Cronenberg Samuel Fuller Robert benton George Cukor Bruce beresford Istvan gaal Ingmar Bergman Abel gance Kele Luis garcia berlanga Claude berri Jules dassin Bernardo bertolucci Delmer daves Haile gerima Emile de antoni Pietro germi Kathryn Bigelow Basil dearden Fernando birri Philippe de b Jean-Luc Godard Bertrand blier Fernando de Fuentes August blom Jean delanne Cecil B. De mille Heinosuke gosho Peter bogdanovich Jonathan Demme Edmund goulding Joh Peter Greenaway Lizzie borden Frank borzage Maya Dere John Grierson Roy and John Boulting Vittorio de sica D. W Griffith Ruy guerra Edward Dmytryk Yilmaz Guiney Catherine breillat Tomas Gutierrez Alea Robert bresson Mark donskoi Alice guy Albert Brooks ris Dorrie Patricio guzman Mel brook Alexander Dovzhenko Tod browni Carl Theodor Dreyer Bert haanstra Luis bunuel Germaine dulac asse hallstrom
xiii LIST OF ENTRANTS Percy Adlon Chantal Akerman Robert Aldrich Woody Allen Pedro Almodóvar Robert Altman Santiago Alvarez Lindsay Anderson Theodoros Angelopoulos Kenneth Anger Michelangelo Antonioni Michael Apted Gregg Araki Denys Arcand Gillian Armstrong Dorothy Arzner Timothy Asch Hal Ashby Alexandre Astruc Richard Attenborough Bille August Claude Autant-Lara Lloyd Bacon John Badham Bruce Baillie Juan Antonio Bardem Boris Barnet Paul Bartel Evgeni Bauer Mario Bava Jacques Becker Jean-Jacques Beineix Marco Bellocchio Maria Luisa Bemberg Shyam Benegal Robert Benton Bruce Beresford Ingmar Bergman Busby Berkeley Claude Berri Bernardo Bertolucci Luc Besson Kathryn Bigelow Fernando Birri Bertrand Blier August Blom Budd Boetticher Peter Bogdanovich John Boorman Lizzie Borden Frank Borzage Roy and John Boulting Stan Brakhage Kenneth Branagh Catherine Breillat Robert Bresson Albert Brooks Mel Brooks Tod Browning Luis Buñuel Charles Burnett Tim Burton Michael Cacoyannis James Cameron Jane Campion Frank Capra Léos Carax Marcel Carné John Carpenter John Cassavetes Renato Castellani Alberto Cavalcanti Claude Chabrol Youssef Chahine Charles Chaplin Chen Kaige Benjamin Christensen Věra Chytilová Michael Cimino Souleymane Cissé René Clair Shirley Clarke Jack Clayton René Clement Henri-Georges Clouzot Jean Cocteau Joel Coen Martha Coolidge Francis Ford Coppola Roger Corman Constantin Costa-Gavras Wes Craven Charles Crichton John Cromwell David Cronenberg George Cukor Michael Curtiz Joe Dante Jules Dassin Delmer Daves Emile De Antonio Basil Dearden Philippe de Broca Fernando De Fuentes Jean Delannoy Cecil B. De Mille Jonathan Demme Jacques Demy Brian De Palma Maya Deren Vittorio de Sica Carlos Diegues Edward Dmytryk Stanley Donen Mark Donskoi Doris Dorrie Alexander Dovzhenko Carl Theodor Dreyer Germaine Dulac E.A. Dupont Marguerite Duras Julien Duvivier Allan Dwan Clint Eastwood Atom Egoyan Sergei Eisenstein Jean Epstein Jean Eustache Zoltán Fábri Rainer Werner Fassbinder Safi Faye Paul Fejös Federico Fellini Emilio Fernández Abel Ferrara Louis Feuillade Jacques Feyder David Fincher Robert Flaherty Victor Fleming Robert Florey John Ford Milos Forman Willi Forst Bill Forsyth Bob Fosse John Frankenheimer Sidney Franklin Stephen Frears Martin Frič Fridrik Thor Fridriksson William Friedkin Samuel Fuller István Gaál Abel Gance Luis García Berlanga Sergei Gerasimov Haile Gerima Pietro Germi Terry Gilliam Jean-Luc Godard Sara Gómez Claude Goretta Heinosuke Gosho Edmund Goulding Peter Greenaway Jean Grémillon John Grierson D. W. Griffith Ruy Guerra Yilmaz Güney Tomás Gutiérrez Alea Alice Guy Patricio Guzmán Bert Haanstra Lasse Hallstrom
IST OF ENTRANTS DIRECTORS. 4 EDItION Susumi hani Gregory La Cava Paul Morrissey Hal Hartley John landis Robert mulligan Howard Hawks Fritz lans F. W. Murnau Todd haynes Claude lanzmann Josef heifitz Alberto lattuada Mira nair Astrid and Bjarne Frank Launder and sidney Gregory Nava Henning-Jensen Gilliat Jan Nemec Cecil Hepworth Richard leacock David Lean Fred Niblo Mike nichols Walter Hil Patrice Leconte Alfred Hitchcock Paul led Holger-Madsen Manoel de oliveira Ang lee Agnieszka holland Spike Lee Ermanno olmi Tobe Hooper Jean-Pierre Lefebvre Hou hsiao-Hsie Mike leigh Ron howard Claude lelouch Idrissa ouedraogo John Huston Paul len Kon ichikawa Mervyn Leroy G. w. Pabst Tadashi Imai Richard lester Marcel Pagnol Shohei Imamura Barry Levinson Alan J Pakula Rex ingram Albert lewin Euzhan Palcy Otar loseliani Jerry Lewis Sergei Paradzhanov Marcel L'Herbier Alan Parker Joris Ivens Richard Linklater Gordon Parks Miguel Littin Pier paolo pasolini Ken loach Giovanni Pastron Peter Jackson Pare lorentz Miklos jancse Joseph Losey Arthur penn Derek jarman Ernst Lubitsch Nelson Pereira dos santos wolfgang Petersen Humphrey Jennings Sidney Lumet Elio petri Louis lumiere Dadasaheb phalke Jaromil fires David lync Maurice pialat Roland joffe Lupu Pick Neil jordan Alexander macKendrick Roman polanski Dusan Makavejev Sydney Pollack Jean-Marie Gaston Kabore Mohsen makhmalbaf Karel Kachina Terrence malick Jan kadar Louis malle Edwin S. Porter Nelly Kaplan Nils malmros Michael powell and emeric Raj Kapoor Djibril Diop Mambety Pressburger Lawrence Kasdan Rouben mamoulian Otto preminger Philip Kaufman Joseph L. Mankiewicz Yakov protazanoy Aki Kaurismaki Anthony Mann Ⅴ sevolod pudovkin Helmut Kautner Michael Mann Jerzy kawalerowicz Chris marker Bob rafelson Elia Kazan Gregory Markopoulos Sam raimi Buster Keaton John Kennedy Marshall Yvonne rainer Abbas Kiarostami Albert and David Paul Maysles Man Ray Krzysztof Kieslowski Leo McCarey Nicholas ray Mehboob Khan Keisuke kanosh Jonas mekas Carol reed Teinosuke Kinugasa Jean-Pierre melville Rob reiner Alexander Kluge Jiri menzel Karel reisz Masaki Koba Marta meszaros Jean renoir Barbara Kopple Russ Mever Alain resnais Alexander Korda Oscar micheaux Tony Richardson Zoltan Kord Nikita Mikhalkov Leni riefenstahl igor Kozintsev Lewis milestone Marlon riggs Stanley Kramer Claude miller Arturo Ripstein Stanley Kubrick Martin Ley Kuleshoy Vincente minnelli Akira Kurosawa Kenji Mizoguchi Glauber rocha Diane Kurys Nanni moretti Emir Kusturica Errol morris Alexander Rogozhkin
LIST OF ENTRANTS DIRECTORS, 4th EDITION xiv Susumi Hani Hal Hartley Howard Hawks Todd Haynes Josef Heifitz Astrid and Bjarne Henning-Jensen Cecil Hepworth Werner Herzog Walter Hill Alfred Hitchcock Holger-Madsen Agnieszka Holland Tobe Hooper Hou Hsiao-Hsien Ron Howard John Huston Kon Ichikawa Tadashi Imai Shohei Imamura Rex Ingram Otar Ioseliani Juzo Itami Joris Ivens James Ivory Peter Jackson Miklós Jancsó Derek Jarman Jim Jarmusch Humphrey Jennings Norman Jewison Jaromil Jireš Roland Joffé Neil Jordan Jean-Marie Gaston Kaboré Karel Kachyňa Ján Kadár Nelly Kaplan Raj Kapoor Lawrence Kasdan Philip Kaufman Aki Kaurismaki Helmut Käutner Jerzy Kawalerowicz Elia Kazan Buster Keaton Abbas Kiarostami Krzysztof Kieślowski King Hu Keisuke Kinoshita Teinosuke Kinugasa Alexander Kluge Masaki Kobayashi Barbara Kopple Alexander Korda Zoltan Korda Grigori Kozintsev Stanley Kramer Stanley Kubrick Lev Kuleshov Akira Kurosawa Diane Kurys Emir Kusturica Gregory La Cava John Landis Fritz Lang Claude Lanzmann Alberto Lattuada Frank Launder and Sidney Gilliat Richard Leacock David Lean Patrice Leconte Paul Leduc Ang Lee Spike Lee Jean-Pierre Lefebvre Mike Leigh Claude Lelouch Paul Leni Sergio Leone Mervyn Leroy Richard Lester Barry Levinson Albert Lewin Jerry Lewis Marcel L’Herbier Richard Linklater Miguel Littin Ken Loach Pare Lorentz Joseph Losey Ernst Lubitsch George Lucas Sidney Lumet Louis Lumière David Lynch Alexander MacKendrick Dušan Makavejev Mohsen Makhmalbaf Terrence Malick Louis Malle Nils Malmros Djibril Diop Mambety Rouben Mamoulian Joseph L. Mankiewicz Anthony Mann Michael Mann Chris Marker Gregory Markopoulos John Kennedy Marshall Albert and David Paul Maysles Leo McCarey Mehboob Khan Jonas Mekas Jean-Pierre Melville Jirí Menzel Márta Mészáros Russ Meyer Oscar Micheaux Nikita Mikhalkov Lewis Milestone Claude Miller George Miller Vincente Minnelli Kenji Mizoguchi Nanni Moretti Errol Morris Paul Morrissey Robert Mulligan F. W. Murnau Mira Nair Gregory Nava Jan Nemec Fred Niblo Mike Nichols Manoel de Oliveira Ermanno Olmi Max Ophüls Nagisa Oshima Idrissa Ouedraogo Yasujiro Ozu G. W. Pabst Marcel Pagnol Alan J. Pakula Euzhan Palcy Sergei Paradzhanov Alan Parker Gordon Parks Pier Paolo Pasolini Giovanni Pastrone Sam Peckinpah Arthur Penn Nelson Pereira dos Santos Wolfgang Petersen Elio Petri Dadasaheb Phalke Maurice Pialat Lupu Pick Roman Polanski Sydney Pollack Abraham Polonsky Gillo Pontecorvo Edwin S. Porter Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger Otto Preminger Yakov Protazanov Vsevolod Pudovkin Bob Rafelson Sam Raimi Yvonne Rainer Man Ray Nicholas Ray Satyajit Ray Carol Reed Rob Reiner Karel Reisz Jean Renoir Alain Resnais Tony Richardson Leni Riefenstahl Marlon Riggs Arturo Ripstein Martin Ritt Jacques Rivette Glauber Rocha Nicolas Roeg Alexander Rogozhkin
DIRECTORS, 4 EDITION LIST OF ENTRANTS Eric rohmer Victor Sjostrom Agnes varda George A. romet Jerzy skolimowski Paul verhoeven Jorgen Roos Kevin Smith Dziga vert Francesco Rosi Steven Soderbergh King Vidor Roberto rossellini Fernando e. solanas and Octavio Getino Luchino visconti Paul rotha Humberto solas Josef von Sternberg Jean rouch Alan r Todd Solondz Erich von Stroheim dolph Penelope Spheeris Lars von trier Raul ruiz Steven Spielberg Margarethe von Trotta Walter Ruttmann John M. Stahl Wolfgang Staudte Andrzej waida Helma sanders -Brahms George Stevens Raoul walsh Mauritz Stiller Vincent Ward Whit stillman andy warhol Oliver Stone ohn waters Claude sautet Henri Storck Lois Weber John Sayles Jean-Marie Straub and Peter Weir Franklin J Schaffner liele huillet Jiri Weiss Fred Schepisi Sturges John Schlesinger Jurgen Syberberg Orson Welles William Wellman Volker Schlondorff an sza Wim Wenders Ernest B. schoedsack Lina wertmuller Paul Schrader Alain Tanner James whale Werner Schroeter Quentin Tarantino Robert wiene Joel Schumacher Andrei Tarkovsky Billy wilder Ettore Scola Frank tashlin Robert wise Scores Frederick wiseman Scott Bertrand tavernier John woo Seidelman Paolo and vittorio taviani Edward D. Wood. Jr Ousmane sembene ndre techi Mrinal sen william Wyler lack Sennett Tian Zhuangzhuang Coline serreau Xie jin Maurice tourneur francois Truffaut Masahiro Shinoda Edgar Ulmer Krzysztof Zanussi Joan Micklin Silver ranco Zeffirelli John Singleton Vadim Robert Zemeckis Robert siodmak an sant Mai Zetterling Douglas sirk anderbeek Zhang Yimou Alf Sjoberg Jaco Van Dormael Fred zinnemann
DIRECTORS, 4 LIST OF ENTRANTS th EDITION xv Eric Rohmer George A. Romero Jörgen Roos Francesco Rosi Roberto Rossellini Robert Rossen Paul Rotha Jean Rouch Alan Rudolph Raúl Ruiz Walter Ruttmann Helma Sanders-Brahms Mark Sandrich Jorge Sanjinés Carlos Saura Claude Sautet John Sayles Franklin J. Schaffner Fred Schepisi John Schlesinger Volker Schlöndorff Ernest B. Schoedsack Paul Schrader Werner Schroeter Joel Schumacher Ettore Scola Martin Scorsese Ridley Scott Susan Seidelman Ousmane Sembene Mrinal Sen Mack Sennett Coline Serreau Larisa Shepitko Jim Sheridan Kaneto Shindo Masahiro Shinoda Don Siegel Joan Micklin Silver John Singleton Robert Siodmak Douglas Sirk Alf Sjöberg Victor Sjöström Jerzy Skolimowski Kevin Smith Steven Soderbergh Fernando E. Solanas and Octavio Getino Humberto Solas Todd Solondz Penelope Spheeris Steven Spielberg John M. Stahl Wolfgang Staudte George Stevens Mauritz Stiller Whit Stillman Oliver Stone Henri Storck Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet Preston Sturges Hans-Jurgen Syberberg Istvan Szabó Alain Tanner Quentin Tarantino Andrei Tarkovsky Frank Tashlin Jacques Tati Bertrand Tavernier Paolo and Vittorio Taviani Andre Téchiné Tian Zhuangzhuang Leopoldo Torre Nilsson Jacques Tourneur Maurice Tourneur Jan Troell François Truffaut Edgar Ulmer Roger Vadim Gus Van Sant Stan Vanderbeek Jaco Van Dormael Agnès Varda Paul Verhoeven Dziga Vertov King Vidor Jean Vigo Luchino Visconti Josef von Sternberg Erich von Stroheim Lars von Trier Margarethe von Trotta Andrzej Wajda Raoul Walsh Vincent Ward Andy Warhol John Waters Lois Weber Peter Weir Jiři Weiss Orson Welles William Wellman Wim Wenders Lina Wertmuller James Whale Robert Wiene Billy Wilder Robert Wise Frederick Wiseman John Woo Edward D. Wood, Jr. William Wyler Xie Jin Edward Yang Kozabura Yoshimura Krzysztof Zanussi Franco Zeffirelli Robert Zemeckis Mai Zetterling Zhang Yimou Fred Zinnemann
