writing can lessen the value of your results, even though they may be promising. Bad writing can even result in research papers being rejected, even though their technical content may be significant! We have personal knowledge of a number of cases where the referees concerned rejected papers on the grounds of obscure and incomprehensible writing I Bad technical writing is common and is not limited to any country. In the Western world there are stories of scientific discoveries that were not not iced immediately after publication simply because of bad writing by the authors. It had to wait forthe discoveries to be repeated for them to be noticed! Obviously then, writing well is just as important as doing theexperiments well So, what is bad writing? It includes bad grammar, spelling mistakes, disorganised presentation of the paper as a whole and of the experimental results in particular. It also includes the use of too many words(non-precise)and too many results which are irrelevant and in the area of references, making biased(usually our own ) references, wrong references as well as omitting references altogether In the view of an Editor-in chiefof Analytical Chemistry (a leading journal in the analytical sciences), the worst kind of bad writing of all is -"not clearly expressing why you carried out the experiments, what could be concluded or not concluded fromthem, and why the conclusions are significant So, how can one write a clear report? This book is intended for students engaged in research, particularly in the Chemical Sciences and Chemical Engineering, who are not sure of how to write up their research findings We hope this book will serve as a general guide for youto begin. As an additional help to produce a clear report, we also suggest that you seek out a competent colleague who is willing to be critical of your writing This is especially helpful if English is not your first language 1.3 Starting to write a research Paper In scientific writing we seek accuracy and clarity. Accuracy is central to scientific writing. We aim to communicate to readers as accurately and as closely as the language permits For accuracy we must ensure the data we are reporting are absolutely accurate Delibrately using and reporting false data is a very serious offense! A more likely offense, however, is biasedness which leads us to misrepresent our data to favour a preconceived interpretation or conclusion. We must scrupulously guard against these two offe C larity istotransmit our observation and research data accurately In scient if ic writing we k to write clearly so that it will result in an accurate transmission of our data and observation to the readers. This means using precise language. Use the scientificwriting can lessen the value of your results, even though they may be promising. Bad writing can even result in research papers being rejected, even though their technical content may be significant! We have personal knowledge of a number of cases where the referees concerned rejected papers on the grounds of obscure and incomprehensible writing ! . Bad technical writing is common and is not limited to any country. In the Western world, there are stories of scientific discoveries that were not noticed immediately after publication simply because of bad writing by the authors. It had to wait for the discoveries to be repeated for them to be noticed! Obviously then, writing well is just as important as doing the experiments well. So, what is bad writing? It includes bad grammar, spelling mistakes, disorganised presentation of the paper as a whole and of the experimental results in particular .It also includes the use of too many words (non-precise) and too many results which are irrelevant;and in the area of references, making biased (usually our own) references, wrong references as well as omitting references altogether! In the view of an Editor-in chief of Analytical Chemistry (a leading journal in the analytical sciences), the worst kind of bad writing of all is - “ not clearly expressing why you carried out the experiments, what could be concluded or not concluded from them, and why the conclusions are significant.” So, how can one write a clear report? This book is intended for students engaged in research, particularly in the Chemical Sciences and Chemical Engineering, who are not sure of how to write up their research findings. We hope this book will serve as a general guide for you to begin. As an additional help to produce a clear report, we also suggest that you seek out a competent colleague who is willing to be critical of your writing.This is especially helpful if English is not your first language. 1.3 Starting to Write a Research Paper In scientific writing we seek accuracy and clarity. Accuracy is central to scientific writing.We aim to communicate to readers as accurately and as closely as the language permits.For accuracy we must ensure the data we are reporting are absolutely accurate.Delibrately using and reporting false data is a very serious offense!A more likely offense , however, is biasedness which leads us to misrepresent our data to favour a preconceived interpretation or conclusion.We must scrupulously guard against these two offenses. Clarity is to transmit our observation and research data accurately .In scientific writing we seek to write clearly so that it will result in an accurate transmission of our data and observation to the readers.This means using precise language . Use the scientific