282· 人类学学 narrow spectrum of variation in archa ic and more recent East A sians is best exp la ined by Dental evidence suggests the same exp lanatin Turner (1987, 1990)and Irish (1997) have show n that m any den tal features strongly contrast A fricans and east A sians For instance, the frequency of shovel-shaped inciso rs is m uch higher in East A sians If the Eve theory is co rrect, the rap id increase in shoveling frequency poses a serius p rob lem hile the continuaton of high frequencies from earlier archaic East A sian sam p les to mod- ern ones is more rea sonab ly exp lained by cont inuous evo lution in the region In fact, all m axillary inciso rs dated to the Pleistocene found thus far in East A sia are shove led Finally, if the Eve theory was correct it should be reflected in the Paleo lith ic archaeo logy. I would expect that early modern invaders from W estern A sia would bring Mousterian culture to ch ina, since the earliest moderns in n ear east are assoc iated w ith th is distinctive culture How ever, there is only one site w ith M ousterian artifacts in the Chinese Paleo lith ic This is Shuidonggou, in the northw estern part of the country. There is no sharp contrast betw een earlier and later Paleo lith ic cultures in China, which should exist if rep lacem ent of hum an populations had taken p lace In short, continuous evo lution of hum an populations in China from at least the m iddle Pleistocene on is strongly supported by cran ial, den tal, and archaeo log ical data M eanw hile it is necessary to ind ica te also that in the org in ofmodern hum ans of China there w as gene flow be tw een Ch ina and o ther areas w hich w as suggested by som e morpho log ical features on the a m. skulls of China such as the chignon-like structures in L lujiang Ziyang etc and more laterally facing of the antero-lateral surface of the sp heno-fron tal pro cess of the zy gom atic bone of the U pper Cave skull no 102 etc These features have never been show n in ear lier skulls of Ch ina but are typ ical for N eandertals Therefo re the evo lu tonary model of the orig in of modern hum ans in Ch ina m ay be summ arized as "Continuity w ith hybrid ization. Cont inuity ind icate s the m ain p rocess and the hybrid izat on the sub sid iary one T his is the ano ther descrp ton or sub model of the M ultireg inal evo lutin hy- po thesis for East A sian con text It is p robably also suitab le for bonger course in hum an evo luton of ch ina D ifferent regions of the world m ight have different sub models for the origins fmod- ern hum ans More rep lacem ent w ith less continuity m ight occur in Europe than in East A sia The sub models for A frica and a ustra lasia m ight be all different from tho se in bo th East A sia and Europe Key words H am o sap iens, Cran ial feature, Dental feature, Continuity, Hybrid ization O rig in of modern hum ans. China 201994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp:/ nki.netnarrow spectrum of variation in archaic and m o re recen t East A sian s is best exp lained by descen t. D en tal evidence suggests the sam e exp lanation. T u rner ( 1987, 1990 ) and Irish (1997) have show n that m any den tal featu res strongly con trast A frican s and east A sian s. Fo r in stance, the frequency of shovel2shaped inciso rs is m uch h igher in East A sian s. If the Eve theo ry is co rrect, the rap id increase in shoveling frequency po ses a seriou s p rob lem , w h ile the con tinuation of h igh frequencies from earlier archaic East A sian sam p les to m od2 ern ones is m o re reasonab ly exp lained by con tinuou s evo lu tion in the region. In fact, all m ax illary inciso rs dated to the P leistocene found thu s far in East A sia are shoveled. F inally, if the Eve theo ry w as co rrect it shou ld be reflected in the Paleo lith ic archaeo logy. I w ou ld expect that early m odern invaders from W estern A sia w ou ld b ring M ou sterian cu ltu re to Ch ina, since the earliest m odern s in N ear East are associated w ith th is distinctive cu ltu re. How ever, there is on ly one site w ith M ou sterian artifacts in the Ch inese Paleo lith ic. T h is is Shu idonggou, in the no rthw estern part of the coun try. T here is no sharp con trast betw een earlier and later Paleo lith ic cu ltu res in Ch ina, w h ich shou ld ex ist if rep lacem en t of hum an popu lation s had taken p lace. In sho rt, con tinuou s evo lu tion of hum an popu lation s in Ch ina from at least theM iddle P leistocene on is strongly suppo rted by cran ial, den tal, and archaeo logical data. M eanw h ile it is necessary to indicate also that in the o rgin of m odern hum an s of Ch ina there w as gene flow betw een Ch ina and o ther areas w h ich w as suggested by som e m o rpho2 logical featu res on the a. m. sku lls of Ch ina such as the ch ignon2like structu res in L iu jiang, Ziyang etc and m o re laterally facing of the an tero2lateral su rface of the spheno2fron tal p ro2 cess of the zygom atic bone of the U pper Cave sku ll no. 102 etc. T hese featu res have never been show n in earlier sku lls of Ch ina bu t are typ ical fo r N eandertals. T herefo re the evo lu2 tionary m odel of the o rigin of m odern hum an s in Ch ina m ay be summ arized as“Con tinu ity w ith hyb ridization”. Con tinu ity indicates the m ain p rocess and the hyb ridization the sub2 sidiary one. T h is is the ano ther descrip tion o r sub2m odel of the“M u ltireginal evo lu tion hy2 po thesis”fo r East A sian con tex t. It is p robab ly also su itab le fo r longer cou rse in hum an evo lu tion of Ch ina. D ifferen t region s of theW o rld m igh t have differen t sub2m odels fo r the o rigin s of m od2 ern hum an s. M o re rep lacem en t w ith less con tinu ity m igh t occu r in Eu rope than in East A 2 sia. T he sub2m odels fo r A frica and A u stralasia m igh t be all differen t from tho se in bo th East A sia and Eu rope. Key words H om o sap iens, C ran ial featu re, D en tal featu re, Con tinu ity, H yb ridization, O rigin of m odern hum an s, Ch ina · 282 · 人 类 学 学 报 17 卷