Sometimes moral hazard is so severe that it makes insurance policies impossible.Some institutional arrangements like coinsurance,co-payments,and deductibles reduce the risk of moral hazard by increasing the out-of-pocket spending of consumers,which decreases their incentive to over consume. Thus,the insured have a financial incentive to avoid making a claim(提出索赔)， ◼ Sometimes moral hazard is so severe that it makes insurance policies impossible. Some institutional arrangements like coinsurance, co-payments, and deductibles reduce the risk of moral hazard by increasing the out-of-pocket spending of consumers, which decreases their incentive to over consume. Thus, the insured have a financial incentive to avoid making a claim(提出索赔)