Contents Preface x PART I:INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS 1 CHAPTER 1 Articulation and Acoustics 2 Speech Production 2 Sound Waves 6 Places of Articulatory Gestures 8 The Oro-Nasal Process 13 Manners of Articulation 14 Stop 14 Oral Stop 14 Nasal Stop 14 Fricative 14 Approximant 15 Lateral (Approximant)15 Additional Consonantal Gestures 15 The Waveforms of Consonants 17 The Articulation of Vowel Sounds 19 The Sounds of Vowels 21 Suprasegmentals 23 Exercises 29 CHAPTER 2 Phonology and Phonetic Transcription 33 The Transcription of Consonants 35 The Transcription of Vowels 38 Consonant and Vowel Charts 42 Phonology 45 Exercises 48 Performance Exercises 52 vivi Contents Preface x PART I: INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS 1 CHAPTER 1 Articulation and Acoustics 2 Speech Production 2 Sound Waves 6 Places of Articulatory Gestures 8 The Oro-Nasal Process 13 Manners of Articulation 14 Stop 14 Oral Stop 14 Nasal Stop 14 Fricative 14 Approximant 15 Lateral (Approximant) 15 Additional Consonantal Gestures 15 The Waveforms of Consonants 17 The Articulation of Vowel Sounds 19 The Sounds of Vowels 21 Suprasegmentals 23 Exercises 29 CHAPTER 2 Phonology and Phonetic Transcription 33 The Transcription of Consonants 35 The Transcription of Vowels 38 Consonant and Vowel Charts 42 Phonology 45 Exercises 48 Performance Exercises 52 31269_00_FM_ppi-xiv pp2.indd vi 11/20/09 9:23:42 PM Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part