Max Horkheimer under the Heinrich by Oprecht and Helbling in Zurich, Switzerland in 1934. Reprinted by permission of The Eclipse of Reason by Max Horkheimer. Published by Oxford University Press. Copyright 1947 by Oxford University Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Literature and the Image of Man by Leo Lowenthal. Pubiished by Beacon Press. Copyright@ 1957 by Leo Lowenthal. Reprinted by permission of the publisher Eros and Civilization by Herbert Marcuse. Published by Beacon Press. Copyright 1955 by the Beacon Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. Herbert m ar ret inted by, Pub lsed by ghe ub ishes. Copyright o t968 by Reason and Revolution by Herbert Marcuse. Published by Beacon 194I by Oxford University Press, New York, Inc. Second edition C 出 Marcuse. Reprinted by permission of Humanities Press, Inc. Behemoth by Franz Neumann. Published by Octagon Books, a sub-division of Farrar, Straus Giroux, Inc. Copyright 1942, 1944 by Oxford University Press, New York Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. The Democratic and the Authoritarian State by Franz Neumann. Published by The Macmillan Company. Copyright 1957 by The Free Press, a Corporation. Reprinted by permission of the publisher A portion of the second chapter of this volume has appeared in The Unknown Dimen sion: European Marxism since Lenin, edited by Dick Howard and Karl Klare. Pub lished by Basic Books. Copyright 1972 by Basic Books. It is reprinted here by sIon of the publisher The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984@ 11Rl厶9o