Regulations(US): eBatae Vulnerability of Children Federal Insecticide,Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act(FIFRA) Greater exposure 2g出S别 On a body-weight:caloric consumption ratio Children are 2.5x adults.Diet less varied (fruit and milk) ·↑Hand to mouth activity montrngrnat nsible for Skin surface area per body weight is double and poultry h that of an adult ·↑Rate of respiration Food Quality Protection Act (1996) specia10-fodaietastconndeoher rnd hirn ☐□□Pesticide6 cycle(USA) Vulnerability of Children -图□口> Greater physiological susceptibility 门回国 Period of rapid development of nerve cells Loss of organ function can be permanently imprinted ·Absorption and↓elimination of pesticides Metabolizing enzymes not fully developed Figure 22-3.A schem Estimated cost to develop new pesticide product:$80 mln(1999)2 Regulations (US): Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Established in 1947 under USDA Turned over to the EPA in 1972 FDA retains authority over monitoring residues in foods USDA is responsible for monitoring residues in meat and poultry Food Quality Protection Act (1996) Special 10-fold safety factor and other precautions added to consider possible effects in infants and children Klaassen, CD. CASARETT AND DOULL's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. McGraw-Hill 2001 Vulnerability of Children Greater exposure • On a body-weight: caloric consumption ratio Children are 2.5x adults. Diet less varied (fruit and milk) • ↑ Hand to mouth activity • Skin surface area per body weight is double that of an adult • ↑ Rate of respiration Vulnerability of Children Greater physiological susceptibility • Period of rapid development of nerve cells • Loss of organ function can be permanently imprinted • ↑ Absorption and ↓ elimination of pesticides • Metabolizing enzymes not fully developed Klaassen, CD. CASARETT AND DOULL's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. McGraw-Hill 2001 Estimated cost to develop new pesticide product: $80 mln (1999)