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·596 北京科技大学学报 第36卷 析如图10所示.从图中可以看出,500℃的斜率明 fumace ironmaking:a Nordic perspective.World Iron Steel, 显偏陡,而600℃时明显偏缓,说明在500℃时C02 2011,11(1):1 (Hooey L.,Wikstroml J O,Sikstrom P,等.高炉炼铁技术的未 含量的增加对析碳反应的抑制作用表现得更加明 来:北欧的研发.世界钢铁,2011,11(1):1) 显,其主要原因可能是与析碳反应发生的速率有关 5] Meijer K,Denys M,Lasar J,et al.ULCOS:ultra-ow CO2 steel- 从前面的实验结果中可知,500℃时析碳反应速率 making.Ironmaking Steelmaking,2009,36(4):249 最快,所以当气体成分中稍微加入一些C02时可能 6] Birat JP,Hanrot F.ULCOS:European steelmakers'efforts to re- 会起到较大抑制作用. duce green house gas emissions//The 5th European Coke and Iron- making Congress.Stockholm,2005:12 0.075 Bellevrat E.Menanteau P.Introducing carbon constraint in the 0.060 口500℃ steel sector:ULCOS scenarios and economic modeling.Rev Met- △600℃ all,2009,106(9):318 [8]Jianwei Y,Guolongb S,Cunjiang K,et al.Oxygen blast fumace 0.030 and combined cycle (OBF-CC):an efficient iron-making and 0.015 power generation process.Energy,2003,28(8):825 Turkdogan ET,Vinters J V.Catalytic effect of iron on decomposi- -1012345678910 tion of carbon monoxide:I.Carbon deposition in H2CO mix- C0,的体积分数/% tures.Metall Trans,1974,5(1)11 图10在500℃和600℃时C02的体积分数对析碳反应的影响 [10]Sacco A Jr,Reid R C.Morphological changes in an iron catalyst Fig.10 Influence of CO2 volume fraction on carbon deposition at 500 and the formation of carbon fibers in the C-H-O-Fe system.Car- and600℃ bom,1979,17(6):459 [11]Ono-Nakazato H,Koyama T,Usui T.Improvement of gas utiliza- 3结论 tion ratio in the gaseous reduction of iron oxide and suppression of dioxins formation in combustion processes by the enhancement of (1)在300℃到700℃范围内,温度低于500℃ carbon deposition.J High Temp Soc,2008.34(1):9 时,温度的升高可以加快析碳反应速度,当高于此温 [12]Yao W H.The mechanism of carbon precipitation during reduc- 度时,温度的升高反而会降低析碳反应速度.此外, tion of Baotou iron ore with CO under low temperature and its 从微观研究中发现,当温度从500℃升到700℃时, effect on degradation of ore./ron Steel,1996,31(Suppl 1):5 (姚文辉.包头铁矿低温用C0还原时的析碳机理及其对矿 碳相团簇逐渐消失,析出的碳逐渐形成单个颗粒相. 物粉化的影响.钢铁,1996,31(增刊1):5) (2)随C0,含量的增加,析碳反应速率逐渐降 [13]Towhidi N,Szekely J.Reduction kinetics of commercial lowsili- 低.当C02的体积分数为5%时,可以完全抑制500 ca hematite pellets with CO-H,mixtures over temperature range ℃时的析碳反应;当C02的体积分数达到8%时,才 600-1234 C.Ironmaking Steelmaking,1981,8(6)237 可以完全抑制600℃时的析碳反应.另外,对比500 [14]Towhidi N,Szekely J.The influence of carbon deposition on the reduction kinetics of commercial grade hematite pellets with CO, ℃和600℃时的析碳反应发现,在500℃时C02含 H2,and N2.Metall Trans B,1983,14(3):359 量的增加对析碳反应的抑制作用更加明显. 05] Han Y H,Wang J S,Li Y Z,et al.Comprehensive mathemati- cal model of top gas reeycling-xygen blast fumaces.J Unir Sci 参考文献 Technol Beijing.2011,33(10):1280 Cai JJ.The energy and resources saving technologies employed in (韩毅华,王静松,李燕珍,等.炉项煤气循环一氧气鼓风高 Chinese iron and steel industry and their development.World fron 炉综合数学模型.北京科技大学学报,2011,33(10):1280) Seel,2009,9(4):1 6] Li C,Shi Y X,Cai N S.Carbon deposition on nickel cermet an- (蔡九菊.中国钢铁工业能源资源节约技术及其发展趋势.世 odes of solid oxide fuel cells operating on carbon monoxide fuel. 界钢铁,2009,9(4):1) Power Sources,2013,225:1 Orth A.Anastasijevic N,Eichberger H.Low CO2 emission tech- [17]Furusawa A,Nakagawa T,Maeno Y,et al.Influence of coal nologies for iron and steelmaking as well as titania slag production. moisture control on carbon deposition in the coke oven chamber. Miner Eng,2007,20(9):854 1SU1,1998,38(12):1320 B]Wencel W.Blast Furnace Operation with Gaseous Auxiliary Reduc- [18]Foo S Y,Cheng C K,Nguyen T H,et al.Carbon deposition and ing Agents:GER Patent,2030468.1972-01-05 gasiflcation kinetics of used lanthanide-promoted Co-Ni/Al2O; 4]Hooey L,Wikstroml J O,Sikstrom P,et al.The future of blast catalysts from CHa dry reforming.Catal Commun,2012,26:183北 京 科 技 大 学 学 报 第 36 卷 析如图 10 所示. 从图中可以看出,500 ℃ 的斜率明 显偏陡,而 600 ℃ 时明显偏缓,说明在 500 ℃ 时 CO2 含量的增加对析碳反应的抑制作用表现得更加明 显,其主要原因可能是与析碳反应发生的速率有关. 从前面的实验结果中可知,500 ℃ 时析碳反应速率 最快,所以当气体成分中稍微加入一些 CO2 时可能 会起到较大抑制作用. 图 10 在 500 ℃和 600 ℃时 CO2 的体积分数对析碳反应的影响 Fig. 10 Influence of CO2 volume fraction on carbon deposition at 500 and 600 ℃ 3 结论 ( 1) 在 300 ℃到 700 ℃范围内,温度低于 500 ℃ 时,温度的升高可以加快析碳反应速度,当高于此温 度时,温度的升高反而会降低析碳反应速度. 此外, 从微观研究中发现,当温度从 500 ℃ 升到 700 ℃ 时, 碳相团簇逐渐消失,析出的碳逐渐形成单个颗粒相. ( 2) 随 CO2 含量的增加,析碳反应速率逐渐降 低. 当 CO2 的体积分数为 5% 时,可以完全抑制 500 ℃时的析碳反应; 当 CO2 的体积分数达到 8% 时,才 可以完全抑制 600 ℃时的析碳反应. 另外,对比 500 ℃和 600 ℃时的析碳反应发现,在 500 ℃ 时 CO2 含 量的增加对析碳反应的抑制作用更加明显. 参 考 文 献 [1] Cai J J. The energy and resources saving technologies employed in Chinese iron and steel industry and their development. World Iron Steel,2009,9( 4) : 1 ( 蔡九菊. 中国钢铁工业能源资源节约技术及其发展趋势. 世 界钢铁,2009,9( 4) : 1) [2] Orth A,Anastasijevic N,Eichberger H. Low CO2 emission tech￾nologies for iron and steelmaking as well as titania slag production. Miner Eng,2007,20( 9) : 854 [3] Wencel W. Blast Furnace Operation with Gaseous Auxiliary Reduc￾ing Agents: GER Patent,2030468. 1972--01--05 [4] Hooey L,Wikstrm1 J O,Sikstrm P,et al. The future of blast furnace ironmaking: a Nordic perspective. World Iron Steel, 2011,11( 1) : 1 ( Hooey L,Wikstrm1 J O,Sikstrm P,等. 高炉炼铁技术的未 来: 北欧的研发. 世界钢铁,2011,11( 1) : 1) [5] Meijer K,Denys M,Lasar J,et al. ULCOS: ultra-low CO2 steel￾making. Ironmaking Steelmaking,2009,36( 4) : 249 [6] Birat J P,Hanrot F. ULCOS: European steelmakers’efforts to re￾duce green house gas emissions/ /The 5th European Coke and Iron￾making Congress. Stockholm,2005: 12 [7] Bellevrat E,Menanteau P. Introducing carbon constraint in the steel sector: ULCOS scenarios and economic modeling. Rev Met￾all,2009,106( 9) : 318 [8] Jianwei Y,Guolongb S,Cunjiang K,et al. Oxygen blast furnace and combined cycle ( OBF-CC ) : an efficient iron-making and power generation process. Energy,2003,28( 8) : 825 [9] Turkdogan E T,Vinters J V. Catalytic effect of iron on decomposi￾tion of carbon monoxide: Ⅰ. Carbon deposition in H2 -CO mix￾tures. Metall Trans,1974,5( 1) : 11 [10] Sacco A Jr,Reid R C. Morphological changes in an iron catalyst and the formation of carbon fibers in the C-H-O-Fe system. Car￾bon,1979,17( 6) : 459 [11] Ono-Nakazato H,Koyama T,Usui T. Improvement of gas utiliza￾tion ratio in the gaseous reduction of iron oxide and suppression of dioxins formation in combustion processes by the enhancement of carbon deposition. J High Temp Soc,2008,34( 1) : 9 [12] Yao W H. The mechanism of carbon precipitation during reduc￾tion of Baotou iron ore with CO under low temperature and its effect on degradation of ore. Iron Steel,1996,31( Suppl 1) : 5 ( 姚文辉. 包头铁矿低温用 CO 还原时的析碳机理及其对矿 物粉化的影响. 钢铁,1996,31( 增刊 1) : 5) [13] Towhidi N,Szekely J. Reduction kinetics of commercial low-sili￾ca hematite pellets with CO-H2 mixtures over temperature range 600 - 1234 ℃ . Ironmaking Steelmaking,1981,8( 6) : 237 [14] Towhidi N,Szekely J. The influence of carbon deposition on the reduction kinetics of commercial grade hematite pellets with CO, H2,and N2 . Metall Trans B,1983,14( 3) : 359 [15] Han Y H,Wang J S,Li Y Z,et al. Comprehensive mathemati￾cal model of top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnaces. J Univ Sci Technol Beijing,2011,33( 10) : 1280 ( 韩毅华,王静松,李燕珍,等. 炉顶煤气循环--氧气鼓风高 炉综合数学模型. 北京科技大学学报,2011,33( 10) : 1280) [16] Li C,Shi Y X,Cai N S. Carbon deposition on nickel cermet an￾odes of solid oxide fuel cells operating on carbon monoxide fuel. J Power Sources,2013,225: 1 [17] Furusawa A,Nakagawa T,Maeno Y,et al. Influence of coal moisture control on carbon deposition in the coke oven chamber. ISIJ Int,1998,38( 12) : 1320 [18] Foo S Y,Cheng C K,Nguyen T H,et al. Carbon deposition and gasiflcation kinetics of used lanthanide-promoted Co-Ni /Al2O3 catalysts from CH4 dry reforming. Catal Commun,2012,26: 183 · 695 ·
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