(2)-ed participle clause with subordinator Once published, the book caused a remarkable stir. (3)-ed participle clause with expressed subject The job finished, we went home straight away With the tree grown tall, we will get more shade 2) Syntactic functions of -ed participle clauses (1)a postmodifying -ed participle clause corresponds to an elliptical relative clause. The elements ellipted are usually the subject relative pronoun and the operator The men, who were)soaked with sweat from an all-night march, immediatelywent into action (2 )As an adverbial, -ed participle clauses can denote time, cause, condition, concession as well as accompanying circumstances Heated, the metal expands Deeply moved, he thanked heragain and again United, we stand; divided, we fall Left to his own devices, Charles did not relax his efforts a He went to beijing that winter, disguised as a merchant.◼ (2) –ed participle clause with subordinator ◼ Once published, the book caused a remarkable stir. ◼ (3) –ed participle clause with expressed subject ◼ The job finished, we went home straight away. ◼ With the tree grown tall, we will get more shade. ◼ 2) Syntactic functions of –ed participle clauses ◼ (1) A postmodifying –ed participle clause corresponds to an elliptical relative clause. The elements ellipted are usually the subject relative pronoun and the operator. ◼ The men, (who were) soaked with sweat from an all-night march, immediately went into action. ◼ (2) As an adverbial, -ed participle clauses can denote time, cause, condition, concession as well as accompanying circumstances. ◼ Heated, the metal expands. ◼ Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again. ◼ United, we stand; divided, we fall. ◼ Left to his own devices, Charles did not relax his efforts. ◼ He went to Beijing that winter, disguised as a merchant