DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 5.3.1 Constraints on an Entity Set 15.3.2 Constraints on a Relationship Set 15.3.3 Identifying Attributes of Entitie 15.3.4 Identifying Entity Sets 15.4 Reasoning about Functional Dependencies 15.4.1 Closure of a Set of FDs 15.4.2 Attribute Closure 15.5 Normal Forms 15.5.1 Boyce-Codd Normal Form 15.5.2 Third Normal Form 15.6 Decompositions 15.6.1 Lossless-Join Decomposition 15.6.2 Dependency-Preserving Decomposition 15.7 Normalization 15.7.1 Decomposition into BCNF 15.7.2 Decomposition into 3NF 440 15.8 Other Kinds of Dependencies 15.8.1 Multivalued Dependencies 15.8.2 Fourth Normal Form 15.8.3 Join Dependencies 449 15. 8.4 Fifth normal form 15.8.5 Inclusion Dependencies 449 15.9 Points to review 16 PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGN AND TUNING 16.1 Introduction to Physical Database Desig 16.1.1 Database workloads 16.1.2 Physical Design and Tuning Decisions 459 16. 1.3 Need for Database Tuning 16.2 Guidelines for Index selection 16.3 Basic Examples of Index Selection 16.4 Clustering and Indexing 16.4.1 Co-clustering Two Relations 16.5 Indexes on Multiple-Attribute Search Keys 16.6 Indexes that Enable Index-Only Plans 16.7 Overview of Database Tuning 474 16.7.1 Tuning Indexes 16.7. 2 Tuning the Conceptual Schema 16.7.3 Tuning Queries and Views 16.8 Choices in Tuning the Conceptual Schema 16.8.1 Settling for a Weaker Normal Form 16.8.2 Denormalization 16.8.3 Choice of Decompositions 16.8.4 Vertical Decompositionxiv Database Management Systems 15.3.1 Constraints on an Entity Set 423 15.3.2 Constraints on a Relationship Set 424 15.3.3 Identifying Attributes of Entities 424 15.3.4 Identifying Entity Sets 426 15.4 Reasoning about Functional Dependencies 427 15.4.1 Closure of a Set of FDs 427 15.4.2 Attribute Closure 429 15.5 Normal Forms 430 15.5.1 Boyce-Codd Normal Form 430 15.5.2 Third Normal Form 432 15.6 Decompositions 434 15.6.1 Lossless-Join Decomposition 435 15.6.2 Dependency-Preserving Decomposition 436 15.7 Normalization 438 15.7.1 Decomposition into BCNF 438 15.7.2 Decomposition into 3NF * 440 15.8 Other Kinds of Dependencies * 444 15.8.1 Multivalued Dependencies 445 15.8.2 Fourth Normal Form 447 15.8.3 Join Dependencies 449 15.8.4 Fifth Normal Form 449 15.8.5 Inclusion Dependencies 449 15.9 Points to Review 450 16 PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGN AND TUNING 457 16.1 Introduction to Physical Database Design 458 16.1.1 Database Workloads 458 16.1.2 Physical Design and Tuning Decisions 459 16.1.3 Need for Database Tuning 460 16.2 Guidelines for Index Selection 460 16.3 Basic Examples of Index Selection 463 16.4 Clustering and Indexing * 465 16.4.1 Co-clustering Two Relations 468 16.5 Indexes on Multiple-Attribute Search Keys * 470 16.6 Indexes that Enable Index-Only Plans * 471 16.7 Overview of Database Tuning 474 16.7.1 Tuning Indexes 474 16.7.2 Tuning the Conceptual Schema 475 16.7.3 Tuning Queries and Views 476 16.8 Choices in Tuning the Conceptual Schema * 477 16.8.1 Settling for a Weaker Normal Form 478 16.8.2 Denormalization 478 16.8.3 Choice of Decompositions 479 16.8.4 Vertical Decomposition 480