Contents XV 16.8.5 Horizontal Decomposition 16.9 Choices in Tuning Queries and Views 16.10 Impact of Concurrency 16. 11 DBMS Benchmarking 16.11. 1 Well-Known DBMS Benchmarks 16. 11.2 Using a Benchmark 16. 12 Points to review 487 17 SECURITY 17.1 Introduction to Database Security 17.2 Access Control 17.3 Discretionary Access Control 17.3.1 Grant and Revoke on Views and Int Constraints 17.4 Mandatory Access Control 17.4.1 Multilevel Relations and Polyinstantiation 17.4.2 Covert Channels, DoD Security Levels 17.5 Additional Issues Related to Security 17.5.1 Role of the database administrator 17.5.2 Security in Statistical Databases 8012234 17.5.3 Encryptic 17.6 Points to review Part VI TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT 1 8 TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW 18.1 The Concept of a Transaction 18.1.1 Consistency and Isolation 18.1.2 Atomicity and Durability 18.2 Transactions and Schedules 18.3 Concurrent Execution of Transactions 567 18.3.1 Motivation for Concurrent Execution 18.3.2 Serializability 18.3.3 Some Anomalies Associated with Interleaved Execution 18.3.4 Schedules Involving Aborted Transactions 18.4 Lock-Based Concurrency Control 18.4.1 Strict Two-Phase Locking(Strict 2PL 18.5 Introduction to Crash Recovery 18.5.1 Stealing Frames and Forcing Pages 8.5.2 Recovery-Related Steps during Normal Execution 18.5.3 Overview of ArIEs 18.6 Points to review 1 9 CONCURRENCY CONTROLContents xv 16.8.5 Horizontal Decomposition 481 16.9 Choices in Tuning Queries and Views * 482 16.10 Impact of Concurrency * 484 16.11 DBMS Benchmarking * 485 16.11.1 Well-Known DBMS Benchmarks 486 16.11.2 Using a Benchmark 486 16.12 Points to Review 487 17 SECURITY 497 17.1 Introduction to Database Security 497 17.2 Access Control 498 17.3 Discretionary Access Control 499 17.3.1 Grant and Revoke on Views and Integrity Constraints * 506 17.4 Mandatory Access Control * 508 17.4.1 Multilevel Relations and Polyinstantiation 510 17.4.2 Covert Channels, DoD Security Levels 511 17.5 Additional Issues Related to Security * 512 17.5.1 Role of the Database Administrator 512 17.5.2 Security in Statistical Databases 513 17.5.3 Encryption 514 17.6 Points to Review 517 Part VI TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT 521 18 TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW 523 18.1 The Concept of a Transaction 523 18.1.1 Consistency and Isolation 525 18.1.2 Atomicity and Durability 525 18.2 Transactions and Schedules 526 18.3 Concurrent Execution of Transactions 527 18.3.1 Motivation for Concurrent Execution 527 18.3.2 Serializability 528 18.3.3 Some Anomalies Associated with Interleaved Execution 528 18.3.4 Schedules Involving Aborted Transactions 531 18.4 Lock-Based Concurrency Control 532 18.4.1 Strict Two-Phase Locking (Strict 2PL) 532 18.5 Introduction to Crash Recovery 533 18.5.1 Stealing Frames and Forcing Pages 535 18.5.2 Recovery-Related Steps during Normal Execution 536 18.5.3 Overview of ARIES 537 18.6 Points to Review 537 19 CONCURRENCY CONTROL 540