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杨晓波等:氧化亚铁颗粒氢还原过程的结构演变 ·167 物气体能够顺利扩散,界面化学反应能够顺利进行:然 4]Turkdogan E T.Vinters J V.Gaseous reduction of iron oxides: 而随着反应进行,产物层不断增厚,同时还原产物开始 Part I.Reduction-oxidation of porous and dense iron oxides and 出现烧结和致密化现象,还原气体和产物气体的扩散 iron.Metall Trans,1972,3(6):1561 [5]Tien R H,Turkdogan ET.Gaseous reduction of iron oxides:Part 受到影响,逐渐成为反应的限制性环节 IV.Mathematical analysis of partial intemal reduction-diffusion 低温时,烧结过程比较缓慢,在还原的大部分时间 control.Metall Trans,1972,3(8):2039 内,产物的结构不会影响气体的扩散,因此低温氢还原 6 Gallegos N G,Apecetche M A.Kinetic study of haematite reduc- 过程均是界面反应控速.随着温度的升高,烧结过程 tion by hydrogen.I Mater Sci,1988,23(2):451 不断加速,产物烧结现象对反应的影响逐渐增大,在 Farren M,Matthew S P,Hayes PC.Reduction of solid wustite in 973~1073K时,在反应分数还不太高的情况下,表面 H2 /H2O/CO/CO,gas mixtures.Metall Mater Trans B,1990, 21(1):135 的烧结就开始阻碍气体的扩散,从而表现还原分数快 [8]Lin H Y,Chen Y W,Li C P.The mechanism of reduction of iron 速增加到一定程度就突然平缓下来,并在后面的还原 oxide by hydrogen.Thermochim Acta,2003,400(1-2):61 过程中反而低于低温时的还原分数.随着温度的进一 ] Morales R.Du S C,Seetharaman S,et al.Reduction of Fe,MoO 步升高,前期化学反应的速率也是快速增大,在影响气 by hydrogen gas.Metall Mater Trans B.2002,33(4):589 体扩散的致密结构形成前所达到的还原度也不断增 [10]Morales R,Du S C,Seetharaman S.Reduction kinetics of 加,甚至在1273K时,在致密产物结构形成前,还原过 Fe2 MoO,fine powder by hydrogen in a fluidized bed.Metall 程就已经结束. Mater Trans B,2003,34(5):661 [11]Fruehan R J,Li Y,Brabie L,et al.Final stage of reduction of 4结论 iron ores by hydrogen.Scand J Metall,2005,34(3):205 12] Bonalde A,Henriquez A,Manrique M.Kinetic analysis of the 采用热重法实验研究了773~1273K氧化亚铁的 iron oxide reduction using hydrogen-carbon monoxide mixtures as 等温氢还原动力学,发现在973~1073K的温度范围 reducing agent.IS//Int,2005.45(9):1255 出现反常的温度效应.对不同反应条件下产物的形貌 03] Pineau A,Kanari N,Gaballah I.Kinetics of reduction of iron 进行观察。结果显示,随着反应温度升高,还原产物表 oxides by H2:Part I.Low temperature reduction of hematite. Thermochim Acta,2006,447 (1):89 面的孔洞增多,枝状特征显著增加,而973K和1023K 04] Pineau A,Kanari N,Gaballah I.Kinetics of reduction of iron 时表面的烧结现象明显.还原产物的烧结和致密化现 oxides by H2:Part II.Low temperature reduction of magnetite. 象是影响氢还原的重要因素.随着产物的烧结,还原 Thermochim Acta,2007,456(2)75 气体和产物气体的扩散受到阻碍,使得反应的控速环 05] Jozwiak W K,Kaczmarek E,Maniecki T P,et al.Reduction 节逐渐由界面化学反应控速向扩散控速转变.随着温 behavior of iron oxides in hydrogen and carbon monoxide atmos- 度的升高,这一转变也逐渐提前,这是造成反常温度效 pheres.Appl Catal A,2007,326(1)17 16 Pang J M,Guo P M,Zhao P,et al.Study on kinetics of hema- 应的主要原因。当更高温度时,在致密产物结构形成前, tite reduction by hydrogen at low temperature.Iron Steel,2008, 还原过程就已经结束,因而不对还原过程产生影响. 43(7):7 (庞建明,郭培民,赵沛,等.低温下氢气还原氧化铁的动力 参考文献 学研究.钢铁,2008,43(7):7) [1]Olsson R G,McKewan W M.Diffusion of H2-H2 O through por- [17]Haves P C.Stability criteria for product microstructures formed ous iron formed by the reduction of iron oxides.Metall Trans, on gaseous reduction of solid metal oxides.Metall Mater Trans 1970,1(6):1507 B,2010,41(1):19 2]Turkdogan E T,Vinters J V.Gaseous reduction of iron oxides: 18] Hayes P C.Analysis of product morphologies and reaction mech- Part I.Reduction of hematite in hydrogen.Metall Trans,1971, anisms on gaseous reduction of iron oxides.Steel Res Int,2011, 2(11):3175 82(5):480 B]Turkdogan ET,Olsson R G,Vinters J V.Gaseous reduction of i- [19]Kim S M,Jung J,Kim K H,et al.Utilization of hydrogen in ron oxides:Part II.Pore characteristics of iron reduced from ironmaking International Symposium on CO Reduction in Steel hematite in hydrogen.Metall Trans,1971,2(11):3189 Industry.ISIJ,Tokyo,2012:71杨晓波等: 氧化亚铁颗粒氢还原过程的结构演变 物气体能够顺利扩散,界面化学反应能够顺利进行; 然 而随着反应进行,产物层不断增厚,同时还原产物开始 出现烧结和致密化现象,还原气体和产物气体的扩散 受到影响,逐渐成为反应的限制性环节. 低温时,烧结过程比较缓慢,在还原的大部分时间 内,产物的结构不会影响气体的扩散,因此低温氢还原 过程均是界面反应控速. 随着温度的升高,烧结过程 不断加速,产物烧结现象对反应的影响逐渐增大,在 973 ~ 1073 K 时,在反应分数还不太高的情况下,表面 的烧结就开始阻碍气体的扩散,从而表现还原分数快 速增加到一定程度就突然平缓下来,并在后面的还原 过程中反而低于低温时的还原分数. 随着温度的进一 步升高,前期化学反应的速率也是快速增大,在影响气 体扩散的致密结构形成前所达到的还原度也不断增 加,甚至在 1273 K 时,在致密产物结构形成前,还原过 程就已经结束. 4 结论 采用热重法实验研究了 773 ~ 1273 K 氧化亚铁的 等温氢还原动力学,发现在 973 ~ 1073 K 的温度范围 出现反常的温度效应. 对不同反应条件下产物的形貌 进行观察. 结果显示,随着反应温度升高,还原产物表 面的孔洞增多,枝状特征显著增加,而 973 K 和 1023 K 时表面的烧结现象明显. 还原产物的烧结和致密化现 象是影响氢还原的重要因素. 随着产物的烧结,还原 气体和产物气体的扩散受到阻碍,使得反应的控速环 节逐渐由界面化学反应控速向扩散控速转变. 随着温 度的升高,这一转变也逐渐提前,这是造成反常温度效 应的主要原因. 当更高温度时,在致密产物结构形成前, 还原过程就已经结束,因而不对还原过程产生影响. 参 考 文 献 [1] Olsson R G,McKewan W M. Diffusion of H2 --H2O through por￾ous iron formed by the reduction of iron oxides. Metall Trans, 1970,1( 6) : 1507 [2] Turkdogan E T,Vinters J V. Gaseous reduction of iron oxides: Part Ⅰ. Reduction of hematite in hydrogen. Metall Trans,1971, 2( 11) : 3175 [3] Turkdogan E T,Olsson R G,Vinters J V. Gaseous reduction of i￾ron oxides: Part Ⅱ. Pore characteristics of iron reduced from hematite in hydrogen. Metall Trans,1971,2( 11) : 3189 [4] Turkdogan E T,Vinters J V. Gaseous reduction of iron oxides: Part Ⅲ. Reduction-oxidation of porous and dense iron oxides and iron. Metall Trans,1972,3( 6) : 1561 [5] Tien R H,Turkdogan E T. Gaseous reduction of iron oxides: Part Ⅳ. Mathematical analysis of partial internal reduction-diffusion control. Metall Trans,1972,3( 8) : 2039 [6] Gallegos N G,Apecetche M A. Kinetic study of haematite reduc￾tion by hydrogen. J Mater Sci,1988,23( 2) : 451 [7] Farren M,Matthew S P,Hayes P C. Reduction of solid wustite in H2 /H2O /CO /CO2 gas mixtures. Metall Mater Trans B,1990, 21( 1) : 135 [8] Lin H Y,Chen Y W,Li C P. The mechanism of reduction of iron oxide by hydrogen. Thermochim Acta,2003,400( 1 - 2) : 61 [9] Morales R,Du S C,Seetharaman S,et al. Reduction of Fe2MoO4 by hydrogen gas. Metall Mater Trans B,2002,33( 4) : 589 [10] Morales R,Du S C,Seetharaman S. Reduction kinetics of Fe2MoO4 fine powder by hydrogen in a fluidized bed. Metall Mater Trans B,2003,34( 5) : 661 [11] Fruehan R J,Li Y,Brabie L,et al. Final stage of reduction of iron ores by hydrogen. Scand J Metall,2005,34( 3) : 205 [12] Bonalde A,Henriquez A,Manrique M. Kinetic analysis of the iron oxide reduction using hydrogen-carbon monoxide mixtures as reducing agent. ISIJ Int,2005,45( 9) : 1255 [13] Pineau A,Kanari N,Gaballah I. Kinetics of reduction of iron oxides by H2 : Part Ⅰ. Low temperature reduction of hematite. Thermochim Acta,2006,447( 1) : 89 [14] Pineau A,Kanari N,Gaballah I. Kinetics of reduction of iron oxides by H2 : Part Ⅱ. Low temperature reduction of magnetite. Thermochim Acta,2007,456( 2) : 75 [15] Jozwiak W K,Kaczmarek E,Maniecki T P,et al. Reduction behavior of iron oxides in hydrogen and carbon monoxide atmos￾pheres. Appl Catal A,2007,326( 1) : 17 [16] Pang J M,Guo P M,Zhao P,et al. Study on kinetics of hema￾tite reduction by hydrogen at low temperature. Iron Steel,2008, 43( 7) : 7 ( 庞建明,郭培民,赵沛,等. 低温下氢气还原氧化铁的动力 学研究. 钢铁,2008,43( 7) : 7) [17] Hayes P C. Stability criteria for product microstructures formed on gaseous reduction of solid metal oxides. Metall Mater Trans B,2010,41( 1) : 19 [18] Hayes P C. Analysis of product morphologies and reaction mech￾anisms on gaseous reduction of iron oxides. Steel Res Int,2011, 82( 5) : 480 [19] Kim S M,Jung J,Kim K H,et al. Utilization of hydrogen in ironmaking / / International Symposium on CO2 Reduction in Steel Industry. ISIJ,Tokyo,2012: 71 · 761 ·
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