More Problems with Memory 16.422 Retrieval and Inference False memories Effect of Prior Knowledge Memory reconstruction often uses general knowledge and expectations to fill in the gaps Memory can distort perception in systematic ways Tendency to overestimate colors, slow speeds(but underestimate high ones! ) distances, etc Eyewitness testimony Framing effect Subjects shown film of automobile accident subjects asked: Did you see a broken headlight? or Did you see the broken headlight? (There was actually none. Results: Subjects more likely to respond yes to the broken headlightMore Problems with Memory 16.422 • Retrieval and Inference – False memories • Effect of Prior Knowledge – Memory reconstruction often uses general knowledge and expectations to fill in the gaps • Memory can distort perception in systematic ways. – Tendency to overestimate colors, slow speeds (but underestimate high ones!), distances, etc. • Eyewitness testimony – Framing effect – Subjects shown film of automobile accident. Subjects asked: Did you see a broken headlight? or Did you see the broken headlight? (There was actually none.) • Results: Subjects more likely to respond yes to the broken headlight