河北医科大学药学院 Question 2 植物什么要合成天然产物？ Why synthesize so many interesting compounds (Secondary Metabolites)in nature? 出性打 植物的化学武器 Chemical Defence "at 《 要好 Nicotine Anabasine新烟碱 天然药物化学教研室史清文教授 2河北医科大学药学院 天然药物化学教研室史清文教授 2 247 Competitive advantage to its neighbor and chemical ecological functions-Defense, Attack and Signalling 夹竹桃 Why synthesize so many interesting compounds (Secondary Metabolites) in nature? Question 2 Xenohormesis——‘‘chemical warfare’’ 植物什么要合成天然产物？ Hydrogen cyanide O O O C N OH HO HO O OH HO HO O O HO C N OH HO HO O OH HO HO OH β-glucosidase O H HC N Benzaldehyde Gentiobiose Amygdalin L-mandelonitrile OH O O C N OH HO HO OH D-mandelntrile--glucoside β-glucosidase Thiocyanate Rhodanese (Laetrile) Pierre Jean Robiquet (1780 –1840) 1830 isolated Friedrich Wöhler (1800 –1882) Justus F. von Liebig (1803–1873) 1837 1837年 Wöhler 和Liebig 发现苦杏仁苷可以水解成苯甲醛、 氢氰酸和葡萄糖, 1845年苦杏仁苷在俄罗斯开始用于癌症的治疗 Keep animals away 植物的化学武器 O O OH Juglone 鼠尾草 Salvia leucophylla Eucalyptol O OH N CH3 O OH O N CH3 O O Atropine 东莨菪碱 Scopolamine 曼陀罗 Datura stramonium O 樟脑 黑胡桃 Juglans Nigra 胡桃醌 莨菪碱 Chemical Defence Tannin 250 Anabasine新烟碱 假木贼碱 ,天虫碱 Nicotine 251 1828 Isolated by Wilhelm H. Posselt 1893 Structure by Adolf Pinner 1903 Synthesis by Amé Pictet Adolf Pinner (1842-1909) Amé Pictet (1857 -1937) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (1912-2005) linked tobacco and lung cancer tobacco and lung cancer Anabasine 新烟碱 252 毒藜碱 (anabasine,新烟碱,八角枫碱) 毒藜碱(新烟碱，八角枫碱)对害虫有触杀、胃毒和熏杀的作用,是一种良 好的杀虫剂。 2018年9月1日起，法国禁止销售新烟碱，可能引起蜜蜂感染死亡率上升