CHAPTER I Introduction to the Human bodi Objective A To describe anatomy and physiology as scientific disciplines and to explain how they are related. rvey Anatomy and physiology are subdivisions of the science of biology, which is the study of living organisms, both plant and anim Iman anatomy has to do with body structure and the rela tionships between body structures. Human physiology is concerned with the functions of the body parts. In general, function is determined by structure. 1.1 What are the subspecialties of human anatomy These include gross anatomy, the study of structures observed with the unaided eye: microscopic anatomy the study of structures observed with the aid of a microscope(cytology is the study of cells and their organelles, and histology is the study of tissues that make up organs); developmental anatomy, the study of structural changes from conception to birth; and pathological anatomy(pathology), the study of struc tural changes caused by disease. 1. 2 What are the subspecialties of human physiology? These include cellular physiology, the study of the interactions of cell parts and the specific functions of as an organism develops; and pathological physiology, the study of the functional changes that(occur the organelles and the cell in general; developmental physiology, the study of functional changes that occur organs age or become diseased Objective B To describe the basic characteristics of living organisms and to list the physical requirements Certain characteristics distinguish living things from nonliving things. These characteristics include rey metabolism(ability to build and break down complex molecules),responsiveness(detection and reaction to changes), movement(motion of the whole organism or portions of the organism) growth(increase in physical structure), differentiation(development from a generalized structure to a more specialized one), and reproduction(ability to produce offspring) 1.3 To demonstrate that humans exhibit the characteristics of life We breathe, eat and digest food, excrete body wastes, locomote, and reproduce our own kind, as do other animals Being composed of organic materials, we decompose in death as other animals( chiefly microor ganisms)consume our flesh. The processes by which our bodies produce, store, and utilize energy are similar to those used by all living organisms. The same genetic code that regulates our development is found throughout nature. The fundamental patterns of development observed in many animals are also seen in the formation of the human embryoCHAPTER 1 1 Introduction to the Human Body Objective A To describe anatomy and physiology as scientific disciplines and to explain how they are related. Anatomy and physiology are subdivisions of the science of biology, which is the study of living organisms, both plant and animal. Human anatomy has to do with body structure and the rela￾tionships between body structures. Human physiology is concerned with the functions of the body parts. In general, function is determined by structure. 1.1 What are the subspecialties of human anatomy? These include gross anatomy, the study of structures observed with the unaided eye: microscopic anatomy, the study of structures observed with the aid of a microscope (cytology is the study of cells and their organelles, and histology is the study of tissues that make up organs); developmental anatomy, the study of structural changes from conception to birth; and pathological anatomy (pathology), the study of struc￾tural changes caused by disease. 1.2 What are the subspecialties of human physiology? These include cellular physiology, the study of the interactions of cell parts and the specific functions of the organelles and the cell in general; developmental physiology, the study of functional changes that occur as an organism develops; and pathological physiology, the study of the functional changes that occur as organs age or become diseased. Objective B To describe the basic characteristics of living organisms and to list the physical requirements for life. Certain characteristics distinguish living things from nonliving things. These characteristics include metabolism (ability to build and break down complex molecules), responsiveness (detection and reaction to changes), movement (motion of the whole organism or portions of the organism), growth (increase in physical structure), differentiation (development from a generalized structure to a more specialized one), and reproduction (ability to produce offspring). 1.3 To demonstrate that humans exhibit the characteristics of life. We breathe, eat and digest food, excrete body wastes, locomote, and reproduce our own kind, as do other animals. Being composed of organic materials, we decompose in death as other animals (chiefly microor￾ganisms) consume our flesh. The processes by which our bodies produce, store, and utilize energy are similar to those used by all living organisms. The same genetic code that regulates our development is found throughout nature. The fundamental patterns of development observed in many animals are also seen in the formation of the human embryo. Survey Survey