CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human body 1.4 What are the basic physical requirements for the survival of an organism? Water, for a variety of metabolic processes; food, to supply energy, raw materials for building new living matter, and chemicals necessary for vital reactions; oxygen, to release energy from food materials; heat to promote chemical reactions; and pressure, to allow breathing Objective To describe the levels of organization of the human The chemical and cellular levels are respectively the basic structural and functional levels. Each level of body organization(fig. 1. 1)represents an association of units from the preceding level Although the cells in the adult body number in the trillions, there are only a few hundred specific kinds cal CellularTissue System Stomach Atom ystem Molecu! Figure 1.1 Levels of body organization. The chemical, cellular, and tissue levels are microscopic, whereas the organ, system, and organismic levels are macroscopic 1.5 How are similar cells bound together? Similar cells are uniformly spaced and bound together as tissue by nonliving matrix, which the cells secrete Matrix varies in composition from one tissue to another and may take the form of a liquid, semi- solid, or solid. Blood tissue, for example, has a liquid matrix, whereas bone cells are bound by a solid matrix. Not all similar cells, however, have a binding matrix; secretory cells, for instance, are solitary amid a tissue of cells of another kind 1.6 Define the term tissue and explain why the study of tissues is important A tissue is an aggregation of similar cells bound by supporting matrix that performs a specific function Histology is the microscopic science concerned with the study of tissues. Pathology is the medical science concerned with the study of diseased tissues. Tissues are described in chapter 4 1.7 List the four principal types of tissues and describe the functions of each. Epithelial tissue(epithelium)covers body and organ surfaces, lines body cavities and lumina(hollow portions of body tubes), and forms various glands. Epithelial tissue is involved with protection, absorp tion, excretion, and secretion Connective tissue binds, supports, and protects body parts Muscle tissue contracts to produce movement of body parts and permit locomotion. Nervous tissue initiates and transmits nerve impulses that coordinate body activities2 1.4 What are the basic physical requirements for the survival of an organism? Water, for a variety of metabolic processes; food, to supply energy, raw materials for building new living matter, and chemicals necessary for vital reactions; oxygen, to release energy from food materials; heat, to promote chemical reactions; and pressure, to allow breathing. Objective C To describe the levels of organization of the human body. The chemical and cellular levels are respectively the basic structural and functional levels. Each level of body organization (fig. 1.1) represents an association of units from the preceding level. Although the cells in the adult body number in the trillions, there are only a few hundred specific kinds. CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human Body Survey Figure 1.1 Levels of body organization. The chemical, cellular, and tissue levels are microscopic, whereas the organ, system, and organismic levels are macroscopic. 1.5 How are similar cells bound together? Similar cells are uniformly spaced and bound together as tissue by nonliving matrix, which the cells secrete. Matrix varies in composition from one tissue to another and may take the form of a liquid, semi￾solid, or solid. Blood tissue, for example, has a liquid matrix, whereas bone cells are bound by a solid matrix. Not all similar cells, however, have a binding matrix; secretory cells, for instance, are solitary amid a tissue of cells of another kind. 1.6 Define the term tissue and explain why the study of tissues is important. A tissue is an aggregation of similar cells bound by supporting matrix that performs a specific function. Histology is the microscopic science concerned with the study of tissues. Pathology is the medical science concerned with the study of diseased tissues. Tissues are described in chapter 4. 1.7 List the four principal types of tissues and describe the functions of each. Epithelial tissue (epithelium) covers body and organ surfaces, lines body cavities and lumina (hollow portions of body tubes), and forms various glands. Epithelial tissue is involved with protection, absorp￾tion, excretion, and secretion. Connective tissue binds, supports, and protects body parts. Muscle tissue contracts to produce movement of body parts and permit locomotion. Nervous tissue initiates and transmits nerve impulses that coordinate body activities