CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human body 1. 8 Use an example to define the term organ and describe the function of that organ. A bone, such as the femur, is an organ because it is composed of several tissue types that are integrated to perform a particular function. The components of the femur include bone tissue, nervous tissue, vascu- lar(blood)tissue, and cartilaginous tissue(at a joint). Not only does the femur, as part of the skeletal sys tem, help to maintain body support, it also serves the muscular system by providing a place of attachment for muscles, and the circulatory system by producing blood cells in the bone marrow Vital body organs are those that are essential for critical body functions. Examples re the heart in pumping blood, the liver in processing foods and breaking down worn blood cells, the kidneys in filtering blood, the lungs in exchanging respiratory gases, and the brain in controlling and correlating body functions. The reproductive organs are not vital body organs, nor are the organs within the appendages. Death of a person occurs when one or more of the vital body organs fails in its function. 1.9 Define the term system as it applies to body organization. A system is an organization of two or more organs and associated structures working as a unit to perform a common function or set of functions; for example, the flow of blood through the body in the case of the circulatory system. Some organs serve more than one body system. The pancreas serves the digestive sys- tem in production and secretion of digestive chemicals(pancreatic juice)and the endocrine system in the production of hormones(chemical messengers, insulin, and glucagon). The basic structure and function of each of the body systems is presented in figs. 1. 2 through fig. 1.11 With the exception of the reproductive system, all of the organs that make up the body sys- tems are formed within the 6-week embryonic period (from the beginning of the third week to the end of the eighth week)of prenatal development. Not only are the vital body organs and systems formed during this time, but many of them become functional. For example, 25 days after conception the heart is pumping blood through the circulatory system. The organs of the reproductive system form between 10 and 12 weeks after conception, but they do not mature nd become functional until a person goes through puberty at about age 12 or 13 个黑 Pelvic girdle Lower extremity DEFINITION The integument(skin)and structures DEFINITION Bones, cartilage, and ligaments derived from it(hair, nails, and oil sweat gland (which steady the bones at the joints ). FUNCTIONS Protects the body, regulates body FUNCTIONS Provides body support and protection, temperature, eliminates wastes, and receives certain permits movement and leverage, produces blood cells Figure 1.2 Integumentary system Figure 1.3 Skeletal system1.8 Use an example to define the term organ and describe the function of that organ. A bone, such as the femur, is an organ because it is composed of several tissue types that are integrated to perform a particular function. The components of the femur include bone tissue, nervous tissue, vascu￾lar (blood) tissue, and cartilaginous tissue (at a joint). Not only does the femur, as part of the skeletal sys￾tem, help to maintain body support, it also serves the muscular system by providing a place of attachment for muscles, and the circulatory system by producing blood cells in the bone marrow. Vital body organs are those that are essential for critical body functions. Examples are the heart in pumping blood, the liver in processing foods and breaking down worn blood cells, the kidneys in filtering blood, the lungs in exchanging respiratory gases, and the brain in controlling and correlating body functions. The reproductive organs are not vital body organs, nor are the organs within the appendages. Death of a person occurs when one or more of the vital body organs fails in its function. 1.9 Define the term system as it applies to body organization. A system is an organization of two or more organs and associated structures working as a unit to perform a common function or set of functions; for example, the flow of blood through the body in the case of the circulatory system. Some organs serve more than one body system. The pancreas serves the digestive sys￾tem in production and secretion of digestive chemicals (pancreatic juice) and the endocrine system in the production of hormones (chemical messengers, insulin, and glucagon). The basic structure and function of each of the body systems is presented in figs. 1.2 through fig. 1.11. With the exception of the reproductive system, all of the organs that make up the body sys￾tems are formed within the 6-week embryonic period (from the beginning of the third week to the end of the eighth week) of prenatal development. Not only are the vital body organs and systems formed during this time, but many of them become functional. For example, 25 days after conception the heart is pumping blood through the circulatory system. The organs of the reproductive system form between 10 and 12 weeks after conception, but they do not mature and become functional until a person goes through puberty at about age 12 or 13. CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human Body 3 DEFINITION The integument (skin) and structures derived from it (hair, nails, and oil sweat glands). FUNCTIONS Protects the body, regulates body temperature, eliminates wastes, and receives certain stimuli (tactile, temperature, and pain). Figure 1.2 Integumentary system. DEFINITION Bones, cartilage, and ligaments (which steady the bones at the joints). FUNCTIONS Provides body support and protection, permits movement and leverage, produces blood cells (hematopoiesis), and stores minerals. Figure 1.3 Skeletal system