Clicks-and-mortar spectrum spans from integration to separation of activities Clicks-and-mortar spectrum Independent Strategic In-house business alllance venture dIvision spin-off (e.g. Amazon. com (e.g. KB Toys (e.g, Tesco. com) e.g. BOL. de) and Borders and brain Play. com) Integratjon Separation blished brand shared information ore flexi erage ace o venture capItal for funding distribution efficiencies shared customer services Source: Adapted fromR. Gulati and J Garino(2000)Source: Adapted from R. Gulati and J. Garino (2000). Clicks-and-mortar spectrum spans from integration to separation of activities Integration • established brand • shared information • purchasing leverage • cross-promotion • distribution efficiencies • shared customer services Independent business/ spin-off (e.g. BOL.de) Strategic alliance (e.g. Amazon.com and Borders) Joint venture (e.g. KB Toys and Brain￾Play.com) In-house division (e.g,Tesco.com) Clicks-and-mortar spectrum Separation • greater focus • more flexibility • access to venture capital for funding