Improving User Profiles for E-Commerce by genetic algorithms Aggregati。n Update User Profile c1ass11cat⊥ Fig. 1. Processing Flow of Yoda t by softly classifying the user with clusters of navigation patterns. Note that the confidence values of the user toward ot her experts are not estimated t this step because the estimation process is comparably time consuming Subsequently, Yoda uses the user profile to generate the customized recor mendation(termed user wish-list) by weighted aggregation of the experts ish-lists. Thereafter, the sy stem improves and updates the background process by utilizing the follow-up user navigation behaviors and GA 4 System Design In this section, we provide a detailed description of Yoda's com ponents. Since phase I is based on our previous work[18, here we elaborate more on phase II and iii of yoda 4.1 Phase i- Obtaining User Perception Yoda uses the client-side tracking mechanism proposed in[ 6 to capture view- e, hit-Count, and sequen ce of visiting the web-pages (items) within a web- te. These features reflect users interests on items. To analy ze these features and infer the user interests, Yoda employs the Feature Matrices(FM) model which we introduced in 18. FM is a set of hyper-cube data structures that❙❯❢❣❧❛❩❇❥✣s✦❵❚♥❨✡r✐❞q❳P❩ ☎❩❇❥✍➦❉③ ❳✽❞✟✉④❥✍❩✸❽❁❸❡❤✕❥❦❢❣❢❣❳P❩❇♦✽❳✸➝❲❝✮➺✐❳✽❚♥❳P❱❇❵ ♦✖⑦❍③❨❦❥✍❩❇❵❱❇✇♥❢❣❞ ❺ Cluster Centroid Clusters of Navigation Behaviors User Navigation Soft Classification (PPED) Cluster wish-list Aggregation Learning Other Experts' wish-lists User Profile Update User Profile Experts' wish-lists User Navigation User Wish￾List i11 0.97 i06 0.95 i08 0.92 i01 0.83 i21 0.81 i52 0.80 i33 0.78 i02 0.77 i05 0.70 i18 0.67 i96 0.66 i10 0.65 i23 0.62 i47 0.61 ￾✂✁✄ ➙✆☎❉➙ ☎❩❇❥❲♦✽❳✽❞q❞q❵❚♥❨✛ÿ➤③❥❫➜ö❥✍✉➤➳✕❥✦❪♥❬ ➮✣❖⑧❒❦❐➩❘❉▼✿◗❭➱✦❮➀❒PÏ▼✿➮✣Ï④❏❛◗P◗❭❃❮➊▼❉❃❋❊Ð✵❒P❈❊■✮❖▲◗❭■✍◆✡ç✱❃❒P❈✢➮✣Ï❖▲◗❇❒P■✍◆✽◗✖➱✦❮✼❋▲❏tÒ❉❃Ð♥❏❲❒P❃➱❛❋✝ß▲❏❲❒❭❒P■✍◆P❋▲◗✍ä✞✝✖➱✦❒P■ ❒P❈▲❏❲❒✼❒P❈❊■❄➮✣➱❛❋❆￾➩❑⑧■✍❋▲➮✣■✱Ò❲❏✦Ï❖❊■❦◗✼➱✦❮➤❒P❈❊■✖❖▲◗❭■✍◆✼❒P➱❲ç✸❏✦◆✽❑✧➱✦❒P❈❊■✍◆✼■✣é⑧ß➩■✍◆❭❒✽◗❍❏✦◆P■✱❋❊➱✦❒❍■❦◗❇❒P❃✃①❏❲❒P■❦❑ ❏❲❒➽❒P❈❊❃④◗✛◗❇❒P■✍ß ❘➩■❦➮✍❏✦❖▲◗❭■✮❒P❈❊■①■❦◗❇❒P❃✃①❏❲❒P❃➱❛❋ ß❊◆P➱⑧➮✣■❦◗P◗❄❃④◗❣➮✣➱❛✃✵ß▲❏✦◆✽❏✦❘❊Ï▼✝❒P❃✃✵■➢➮✣➱❛❋▲◗❭❖❊✃✵❃❋❊Ð▲ä ❆❉❖❊❘▲◗❭■❦Ñ♥❖❊■✍❋♥❒PÏ▼❛❐▲❂✼➱⑧❑❊❏➧❖▲◗❭■❦◗✖❒P❈❊■✧❖▲◗❭■✍◆❄ß❊◆P➱✥￾▲Ï■✛❒P➱➧Ð❛■✍❋❊■✍◆✽❏❲❒P■❣❒P❈❊■✵➮✣❖▲◗❇❒P➱❛✃✵❃❰✍■❦❑✿◆P■❦➮✣➱❛✃✮❅ ✃✵■✍❋▲❑❊❏❲❒P❃➱❛❋❙✜➀❒P■✍◆P✃✵■❦❑ ì❉í✍ñ✣ò➧ó❁✒④íPô✙✠✼✏✒④í❫î✔✣✛❘❉▼àç✐■✍❃Ð❛❈♥❒P■❦❑à❏✦Ð❛Ð❛◆P■✍Ð♥❏❲❒P❃➱❛❋ ➱✦❮✱❒P❈❊■☞■✣é⑧ß➩■✍◆❭❒✽◗✍ü ç✱❃④◗❭❈⑧❅❡Ï ❃④◗❇❒✽◗✍ä❛æ✸❈❊■✍◆P■❦❏❲❮➀❒P■✍◆❦❐❲❒P❈❊■❄◗❭▼⑧◗❇❒P■✍✃✙❃✃✵ß❊◆P➱❲Ò❛■❦◗✟❏✦❋▲❑✵❖❊ß➤❑❊❏❲❒P■❦◗✟❒P❈❊■✖❖▲◗❭■✍◆✼ß❊◆P➱✥￾▲Ï■❦◗✼❏❛◗✼❏ ❘▲❏❛➮✽Ó❉Ð❛◆P➱❛❖❊❋▲❑①ß❊◆P➱⑧➮✣■❦◗P◗✸❘❉▼➢❖⑧❒P❃ Ï ❃❰✍❃❋❊Ð✮❒P❈❊■➽❮➊➱❛Ï Ï➱❲ç✸❅❡❖❊ß☞❖▲◗❭■✍◆✱❋▲❏tÒ❉❃Ð♥❏❲❒P❃➱❛❋➢❘➩■✍❈▲❏tÒ❉❃➱❛◆✽◗✸❏✦❋▲❑ ✮Þ ä ✟ ✠☛✡✝✏❛× ☎✍✌☞✆☎ ✏❉Ý☛✡❍Ö èq❋✧❒P❈❊❃④◗✟◗❭■❦➮❫❒P❃➱❛❋✂❐❲ç✐■✸ß❊◆P➱❲Ò❉❃④❑⑧■✸❏❄❑⑧■✣❒✽❏✦❃ Ï■❦❑✮❑⑧■❦◗P➮✣◆P❃ß⑧❒P❃➱❛❋✮➱✦❮▲❂✼➱⑧❑❊❏❊ü ◗②➮✣➱❛✃✵ß➩➱❛❋❊■✍❋♥❒✽◗✍ä❛❆❉❃❋▲➮✣■ ß❊❈▲❏❛◗❭■➽è❍❃④◗✸❘▲❏❛◗❭■❦❑➢➱❛❋☞➱❛❖❊◆✸ß❊◆P■✍Ò❉❃➱❛❖▲◗✐ç✐➱❛◆PÓ✕✯ ✱✶❱✞✸❡❐❉❈❊■✍◆P■➽ç✐■➽■✍Ï④❏✦❘➩➱❛◆✽❏❲❒P■✡✃✵➱❛◆P■➽➱❛❋➧ß❊❈▲❏❛◗❭■ è❭è✸❏✦❋▲❑➧è❭è❭è✸➱✦❮✈❂✼➱⑧❑❊❏❊ä ✍✏✎✒✑✔✓✖✕❈❊➷❦➚✘✗✚✙✚✛❂●❏✶❈❋❍✪▼❍✪▼✢✜✤✣☞➷❦➚♥➘ ✓➚♥➘✞❇❛➚▲❏✶❍❾➹✆▼ ❂✼➱⑧❑❊❏✡❖▲◗❭■❦◗✈❒P❈❊■✱➮✣Ï ❃■✍❋♥❒❭❅q◗❭❃④❑⑧■❍❒P◆✽❏❛➮✽Ó❉❃❋❊Ð✡✃✵■❦➮✽❈▲❏✦❋❊❃④◗❭✃ ß❊◆P➱❛ß➩➱♥◗❭■❦❑❣❃❋✚✯✵✞✸❉❒P➱❣➮✍❏✦ß⑧❒P❖❊◆P■❍Ò❉❃■✍ç✸❅ ❒P❃✃✵■❛❐❛❈❊❃❒❭❅q➮✣➱❛❖❊❋♥❒❦❐♥❏✦❋▲❑①◗❭■❦Ñ♥❖❊■✍❋▲➮✣■✱➱✦❮❁Ò❉❃④◗❭❃❒P❃❋❊Ð➽❒P❈❊■✖ç✐■✍❘⑧❅❡ß▲❏✦Ð❛■❦◗◗✜➊❃❒P■✍✃①◗☞✣✟ç✱❃❒P❈❊❃❋➢❏➽ç✐■✍❘⑧❅ ◗❭❃❒P■❛ä❛æ✸❈❊■❦◗❭■✐❮➊■❦❏❲❒P❖❊◆P■❦◗✟◆P■✗✫▲■❦➮❫❒✟❖▲◗❭■✍◆✽◗✍ü❲❃❋♥❒P■✍◆P■❦◗❇❒✽◗②➱❛❋✵❃❒P■✍✃①◗✍ä❛æ✈➱❣❏✦❋▲❏✦Ï▼❉❰✍■✐❒P❈❊■❦◗❭■✐❮➊■❦❏❲❒P❖❊◆P■❦◗ ❏✦❋▲❑✮❃❋⑧❮➊■✍◆✼❒P❈❊■✖❖▲◗❭■✍◆✼❃❋♥❒P■✍◆P■❦◗❇❒✽◗✍❐❲❂✼➱⑧❑❊❏➽■✍✃✵ß❊Ï➱❲▼⑧◗②❒P❈❊■✦✥✈ñ☞☛❲î❯ì⑧òPñ★✧☛❲î❯ò✓✒✪☎✽ñ❫í✚✩✒✥✪✧✬✫❄✃✵➱⑧❑⑧■✍Ï❯❐ ç✱❈❊❃④➮✽❈✿ç✐■✛❃❋♥❒P◆P➱⑧❑⑧❖▲➮✣■❦❑☞❃❋✁✯ ✱✶❱✞✸❡ä✆❃■✿ ❃④◗✡❏①◗❭■✣❒✡➱✦❮✟❈❉▼❉ß➩■✍◆❭❅q➮✣❖❊❘➩■✧❑❊❏❲❒✽❏①◗❇❒P◆P❖▲➮❫❒P❖❊◆P■❦◗✱❒P❈▲❏❲❒