第28卷第21期 电网技术 Vol.28 No.21 2004年11月 Power System Technology Nov.2004 文章编号：1000-3673(2004)21-0001-05 中图分类号：TM711 文献标识码：A 学科代码：4704051 一年以后对美加“8.14”大停电事故的反思 何大愚 (中国电力信息中心，北京市西城区100011) RETHINKING OVER8.14'US-CANADA BLACKOUT AFTER ONE YEAR HE Da-yu (China Electric Power Information Center,Xicheng District,Beijing 100011,China) ABSTRACT:The summary,prospect and proposals on the 先，现有的500kV电网的输电能力不足，已促成南方电网中 preventive measures,which are published in US authoritative “交弱直强”的局面，使本应相互支援的交直流并联方式变 journals and consider the features of power grid,for the blackout 成了强弱同存的现状：其次，平面型大电网将使各地500kV occurred in interconnected North America power grid on August 开关的遮断容量快速增大：最后，电网的安全防卫性能、电 14,last year are briefly introduced.According to these comments 网自动化的配置方式以及电力市场运营的灵活性都将比宝塔 the inherent structural defects in future domestic plane type 型结构的低下。应尽早警惕和防范这些不良影响。还对我国 structure of 500kV nationwide integrated power grid are pointed 研制实时监控系统的高强性能前景、十分困难的途径以及分 out.Firstly,the power transmission capability of existing 500kV 阶段达标提出了建议：并提出引入“电网发展弹性系数”，以 power networks is insufficient,at present in the South China 求与“电力发展弹性系数”一起进行综合分析，才能达到“电 Power grid the parallel AC/DC mode which ought to support 力应适度超前发展、电网要适度超前建设”的目标。 each other becomes the situation of "strong DC network 关键词：美加“8.14”停电事故：电网网架结构：实时安全 coexisting with weak AC network";secondly,the plane type high 监控系统：电网发展弹性系数：电力系统 capacity power grid will make the interrupting capability of 500kV breakers quickly increasing,thirdly,for the plane type of 1引言 nationwide integrated power grid the security defence capability as well as the flexibility of automation system configuration and 震惊世界的2003年美加“8.14”大停电已过去 electricity market operation will meet more difficulties than the 一年。在这一年中各国所召开的研讨会、讨论会上 pagoda type of power grid structure.Therefore,the 以及各种相关报刊上所发表的评论性或展望性文 above-mentioned defects should be vigilant and on guard as early 章的数量之多，可以说是汗牛充栋了：但其中多数 as possible.Some proposals on the magnificent prospect of 讨论性文章都是基于本国的国情和电网情况（网 domestic high performance real-time security control system,the difficulties might be met during the research and the 情)论述普遍原则的。例如德国电力机构按照本国 stage-by-stage purposes of this research are put forward.Besides. 和西欧几国局部平衡的“网眼”式电网结构，论述 it is also pointed out to lead in the coefficient of elasticity for the 了高度安全性能，但这不一定适用于其他国家的多 evaluation of power grid planning to conduct the integrative 地区间资源优化利用及互通有无、互补余缺的联网 analysis with the coefficient of elasticity for power industry 情况：再如俄罗斯电力当局从其己有效运用多年的 development,and in this way the goal of"power industry should 全国统一的安全自动化系统出发，与美国电网分散 be developed appropriately in advance and power system nust be developed appropriately in advance"could be realized. 安装、协调不足的安全自动化系统比较后，总结认 为俄罗斯电网中过去没有、将来也不会发生像 KEY WORDS:Blackout in interconnected North America “8.14”这样的大型停电事故。 power grid on August 14,2003:Power grid structure: Real-time security control system:Coefficient of elasticity for 我国不少电力工作者也根据多年行之有效的 power grid planning:Power system 统一规划和统一调度的成功经验，论述了我国电网 摘要：介绍了计及电网特点的美国权威性刊物对“8.14”事 安全性的基本保证。事实也证明了这一点，2003年 故的简要总结、展望和防范措施建议，基于这些建议指出了 9月4日上海电网所经受的未遂大停电事故，即在 我国未来的全国500kV平面型大电网存在固有结构缺陷：首 比美国第一能源公司(First Energy,FE)的树害引 C1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net第 28 卷 第 21 期 电 网 技 术 Vol. 28 No.21 2004 年 11 月 Power System Technology Nov. 2004 文章编号：1000-3673（2004）21-0001-05 中图分类号：TM711 文献标识码：A 学科代码：470·4051 一年以后对美加“8.14”大停电事故的反思 何大愚 （中国电力信息中心，北京市 西城区 100011） RETHINKING OVER ‘8.14’ US-CANADA BLACKOUT AFTER ONE YEAR HE Da-yu （China Electric Power Information Center，Xicheng District，Beijing 100011，China） ABSTRACT：The summary, prospect and proposals on the preventive measures, which are published in US authoritative journals and consider the features of power grid, for the blackout occurred in interconnected North America power grid on August 14, last year are briefly introduced. According to these comments the inherent structural defects in future domestic plane type structure of 500kV nationwide integrated power grid are pointed out. Firstly, the power transmission capability of existing 500kV power networks is insufficient, at present in the South China Power grid the parallel AC/DC mode which ought to support each other becomes the situation of “strong DC network coexisting with weak AC network”; secondly, the plane type high capacity power grid will make the interrupting capability of 500kV breakers quickly increasing; thirdly, for the plane type of nationwide integrated power grid the security defence capability as well as the flexibility of automation system configuration and electricity market operation will meet more difficulties than the pagoda type of power grid structure. Therefore, the above-mentioned defects should be vigilant and on guard as early as possible. Some proposals on the magnificent prospect of domestic high performance real-time security control system, the difficulties might be met during the research and the stage-by-stage purposes of this research are put forward. Besides, it is also pointed out to lead in the coefficient of elasticity for the evaluation of power grid planning to conduct the integrative analysis with the coefficient of elasticity for power industry development, and in this way the goal of “power industry should be developed appropriately in advance and power system nust be developed appropriately in advance” could be realized. KEY WORDS：Blackout in interconnected North America power grid on August 14, 2003；Power grid structure； Real-time security control system；Coefficient of elasticity for power grid planning；Power system 摘要：介绍了计及电网特点的美国权威性刊物对“8.14”事 故的简要总结、展望和防范措施建议，基于这些建议指出了 我国未来的全国 500kV 平面型大电网存在固有结构缺陷：首 先，现有的 500kV 电网的输电能力不足，已促成南方电网中 “交弱直强”的局面，使本应相互支援的交直流并联方式变 成了强弱同存的现状；其次，平面型大电网将使各地 500kV 开关的遮断容量快速增大；最后，电网的安全防卫性能、电 网自动化的配置方式以及电力市场运营的灵活性都将比宝塔 型结构的低下。应尽早警惕和防范这些不良影响。还对我国 研制实时监控系统的高强性能前景、十分困难的途径以及分 阶段达标提出了建议；并提出引入“电网发展弹性系数”，以 求与“电力发展弹性系数”一起进行综合分析，才能达到“电 力应适度超前发展、电网要适度超前建设”的目标。 关键词：美加“8.14”停电事故；电网网架结构；实时安全 监控系统；电网发展弹性系数；电力系统 1 引言 震惊世界的 2003 年美加“8.14”大停电已过去 一年。在这一年中各国所召开的研讨会、讨论会上 以及各种相关报刊上所发表的评论性或展望性文 章的数量之多，可以说是汗牛充栋了；但其中多数 讨论性文章都是基于本国的国情和电网情况（网 情）论述普遍原则的。例如德国电力机构按照本国 和西欧几国局部平衡的“网眼”式电网结构，论述 了高度安全性能，但这不一定适用于其他国家的多 地区间资源优化利用及互通有无、互补余缺的联网 情况；再如俄罗斯电力当局从其已有效运用多年的 全国统一的安全自动化系统出发，与美国电网分散 安装、协调不足的安全自动化系统比较后，总结认 为俄罗斯电网中过去没有、将来也不会发生像 “8.14”这样的大型停电事故。 我国不少电力工作者也根据多年行之有效的 统一规划和统一调度的成功经验，论述了我国电网 安全性的基本保证。事实也证明了这一点，2003 年 9 月 4 日上海电网所经受的未遂大停电事故，即在 比美国第一能源公司（First Energy，FE）的树害引