Brief history of ophthalmology: 17th Century, Modern refraction of the eye. 18th Century, Cataract extract surgery. 19th Century,(introduced into China,too.) Ophthalmology:independent discipline. 1851,Helmholtz,developed ophthalmoscope. Understand color blindness and its mechanism. 20th Century,too much to mention: Tonometer,slit-lamp,ERG,FFA,U/S,OCT; Corneal transplantation,Vitrectomy, IOLimplantation,Laser and Refractory surgery. 21st Century,...,GT,SCT,e-retina,anti Cata drugs? 17th Century, Modern refraction of the eye. 18th Century, Cataract extract surgery. 19th Century, (introduced into China, too.) Ophthalmology: independent discipline. 1851, Helmholtz, developed ophthalmoscope. Understand color blindness and its mechanism. 20th Century, too much to mention: Tonometer, slit-lamp, ERG, FFA, U/S, OCT; Corneal transplantation, Vitrectomy, IOL implantation, Laser and Refractory surgery. 21st Century, … , GT, SCT, e-retina, anti Cata drugs? Brief history of ophthalmology: