Ophthalmology Introduction For MBBS,Class of 2012 2015-3-4
Ophthalmology For MBBS, Class of 2012 2015-3-4 Introduction
Learning Objectives: Understand the Scope of ophthalmology Learn the schedule of the course and examination Learn the relationship between eve disorders and systemic diseases Learn the Brief history of ophthalmology Get general ideas about major eye diseases: (plus some review of anatomy and physiology) Glaucoma,Cataract,Retinal diseases,...... Notes: Qs re eye diseases in exams is few,but U will see many. Eye diseases vary in diff.countries,Onchocerciasis,... Eye diseases types vary in diff.countries,glaucoma
Learning Objectives: Understand the Scope of ophthalmology Learn the schedule of the course and examination Learn the relationship between eye disorders and systemic diseases Learn the Brief history of ophthalmology Get general ideas about major eye diseases: (plus some review of anatomy and physiology) Glaucoma, Cataract, Retinal diseases, … … Notes: Qs re eye diseases in exams is few, but U will see many. Eye diseases vary in diff. countries, Onchocerciasis,… Eye diseases types vary in diff. countries, glaucoma,…
Scope of Ophthalmology: 1.Occurrence,development and prognosis of eye disorders; 2.Prevention,diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases; 3.Study and understand the causes and mechanisms of eye diseases and develop new therapies or improve current therapies
Scope of Ophthalmology: 1. Occurrence, development and prognosis of eye disorders; 2. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases; 3. Study and understand the causes and mechanisms of eye diseases and develop new therapies or improve current therapies
Schedule of Lectures and Examination: Mar 4 June 16,16 weeks,once a week. (see the printed schedule for detail) 1stwk,Wed (3~4)-introduction 2nd-11th,Wed (3~4)-lectures (9 teachers); 12th-15th,Tue(5~6/7)-clerkship(2 teachers); 16th wk,June 16,Tue (3~4)>examination. Textbook and References: Clinical Ophthalmology by Jack J Kanski OPHTHALMOLOGY made ridiculously simple by Stephen Goldberg PPTs from the teachers,if available
Schedule of Lectures and Examination: Mar 4 – June 16, 16 weeks, once a week. (see the printed schedule for detail) 1 st wk, Wed (3~4) - introduction 2 nd -11th, Wed (3~4) – lectures (9 teachers); 12th-15th, Tue (5~6/7) - clerkship (2 teachers); 16th wk, June 16, Tue (3~4) – examination. Textbook and References: Clinical Ophthalmology by Jack J Kanski OPHTHALMOLOGY made ridiculously simple by Stephen Goldberg PPTs from the teachers, if available
Relationship between eye disorders and systemic diseases Eye and other organs:Similarities and Differences Many-similar,or part of the systemic diseases; infections, metabolic disorders, tumors, aging, Less many-different,or independent eye diseases; myopia,dry eye,.....trauma,...... Ophthalmologists and Physicians/Surgeons Eye doc-HP,DM,Hyperthyroidism,V-A diff,... signs in eye help the diagnosis, should transfer to specialists for treatment; GP/other specialists-Glaucoma,..anesthesia, may see a GP for headache,nausea and vomit; Atropine should be avoid during surgery
Relationship between eye disorders and systemic diseases Eye and other organs: Similarities and Differences Many – similar, or part of the systemic diseases; infections, metabolic disorders, tumors, aging, … … Less many – different, or independent eye diseases; myopia, dry eye, …, …; trauma, … … Ophthalmologists and Physicians/Surgeons Eye doc – HP, DM, Hyperthyroidism, V-A diff, … signs in eye help the diagnosis, should transfer to specialists for treatment; GP/other specialists – Glaucoma, …, anesthesia, may see a GP for headache, nausea and vomit; Atropine should be avoid during surgery, …
Brief history of ophthalmology in China: Yin-Shang Dynasties Divine(fortune teller) Oracle-疾目 Qin-Han Dynasty (Qin-221-207BC) (Han 206BC-220AD) 《神农本草经》，70/365 Tang Dynasty(608~917) 1 st monograph《龙树眼论》 Gold needle couching for cataract Song Dynasty(960~1279),independent admin Ming Dynasty,Yunke Fu(1644),审视瑶函，6Vol, 石僻夜光丸、滋阴地黄丸，etc.still in use today!
Yin-Shang Dynasties Divine (fortune teller ) Oracle – 疾目 Qin-Han Dynasty (Qin – 221-207BC ) (Han – 206BC-220AD) 《神农本草经》，70/365 Tang Dynasty (608~917) 1st monograph《龙树眼论》 Gold needle couching for cataract！ Song Dynasty (960~1279)，independent admin Ming Dynasty, Yunke Fu (1644), 审视瑶函, 6 Vol, 石斛夜光丸、滋阴地黄丸, etc. still in use today! Brief history of ophthalmology in China:
Brief history of ophthalmology: 17th Century, Modern refraction of the eye. 18th Century, Cataract extract surgery. 19th Century,(introduced into China,too.) Ophthalmology:independent discipline. 1851,Helmholtz,developed ophthalmoscope. Understand color blindness and its mechanism. 20th Century,too much to mention: Tonometer,slit-lamp,ERG,FFA,U/S,OCT; Corneal transplantation,Vitrectomy, IOLimplantation,Laser and Refractory surgery. 21st Century,...,GT,SCT,e-retina,anti Cata drugs?
17th Century, Modern refraction of the eye. 18th Century, Cataract extract surgery. 19th Century, (introduced into China, too.) Ophthalmology: independent discipline. 1851, Helmholtz, developed ophthalmoscope. Understand color blindness and its mechanism. 20th Century, too much to mention: Tonometer, slit-lamp, ERG, FFA, U/S, OCT; Corneal transplantation, Vitrectomy, IOL implantation, Laser and Refractory surgery. 21st Century, … , GT, SCT, e-retina, anti Cata drugs? Brief history of ophthalmology:
Fibrous tunic cornea sclera wall iris Vascular tunic ciliary body Globe choroid Retina Eye Lens system (refraction) 额突 Accessory structures 提上睑肌 上直肌 结膜上穹 虹膜 视神经 角膜 上险 外直肌 下睑 结膜下穹 眼轮匝肌 下直肌下斜肌
Fibrous tunic cornea sclera wall iris Vascular tunic ciliary body Globe choroid Retina Lens system (refraction) Accessory structures Eye
Fibrous tunic Sclera Cornea Vascular tunic Iris Ciliary body Choroid Retina Pigmented layer Neural layer
Major eye disorders(1) Dry eye corneal diseases -Dr.Chen/Dr.Liu Dry eye:inadequate tear volume or function. Corneal infection/ulcer,trauma,scar,opacity. Lacrimal gland Lacrimal ductues Lacrimal sac Nasalacrimal duct puncta Lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal sac Nasalacrimal duct puncta Lacrimal ductues Major eye disorders (1) Dry eye & corneal diseases - Dr. Chen/Dr. Liu Lacrimal gland Lacrimal apparatus Dry eye: inadequate tear volume or function. Corneal infection/ulcer, trauma, scar, opacity