同济大学：《病理学》课程教学资源（试卷习题，含答案）试题B卷.pdf_大学文库

nasal secretions. Which of the following substance is most likely to produce these symptoms? （） A. Bradykinin B. Complement C5a C. Histamine D. Interleukin-1 E. Phospholipase C 34. An 80-year-old female falls down the steps leading to the entrance of the house of a relative who is hosting a family reunion. She is hospitalized for surgery to replace a broken hip. She is then moved to a nursing home, but she is unable to ambulate until about a month later. She gets up to bathe with assistance and she experiences the sudden onset of severe dyspnea (shortness of breath) and goes into cardiac arrest, from which she cannot be resuscitated. Which of the following is most likely to be the immediate cause of death found at autopsy? （） A. Acute bronchopneumonia B. Acute renal failure C. Complications of alcohol abuse D. Congestive heart failure E. Pulmonary embolism 35. A 40-year-old man has a history of intravenous drug use. Physical examination shows needle tracks in his left antecubital fossa. He has mild scleral icterus (yellow eyeballs). Serologic studies for hepatitis HBsAg and antibodies to hepatitis HCV are positive. He develops hepatocellular carcinoma 15 years later at age 55. Which of the following best explains why this patient developed hepatocellular carcinoma? （） A. Integration of these viruses in the vicinity of protooncogenes B. The ability of these viruses to capture protooncogenes from the host DNA. C. These viruses cause immunosuppression. D. Viral genes inactivate RB and p53 expression E. Virus-induced injury to liver cells followed by extensive regeneration of liver cells 36. A 5-year-old child has loss of vision in the right eye. MR imaging shows a mass in the posterior chamber that nearly fills the globe. The child undergoes enucleation of the right eye. Molecular analysis of the neoplastic cells indicates absence of both copies of a tumor suppressor gene that controls the transition from the G to the S phase of the cell cycle. Which of the following genes is most likely to have the mechanism of action that produced this neoplasm? （） A. BCL2 B. hMSH2 C. K-RAS D. NF1 E. RB

37.A clinical study involves patients diagnosed with carcinoma and whose tumor stage is T4NIMI.The patients'survival rate 5y ears from the time of diagnosis is less than regardless of therapy.Which of the lowing clinical findings is most likely to be characteristic of this group of patients?( A.Cachexia B.Cardiac murmur C.Ieterus D.Loss of sensation E.Splenomegaly 38.A previously healthy 20 year old man develops heart failure over a period of several days. He is febrile and complains to his friends that he has chest pain,but he does not seek medical attention.He dies and an autopsy is performed.Examination of the heart shows that both ventricles are dilated but otherwise the myocardium appears normal by gross visua inspection.An H&E-stained histologic section shows numerous inflammatory cells in the myocardium,more than 80%lymphocytes,which expand the interstitial spaces between individual mvocytes and surround mvocytes.Most of the mvocytes are structurally intact and appear viable,although scattered individual myocytes are necrotic.The most likely explan on for this finding is( A.Acute fungal myocarditis B.Acute myocardial infarction C.Acute rheumatic fever D.Marantic endocarditis E.Viral myocarditis 39.A57-year-old woman comes to the physician because she recently noticed a pale area of discoloration on the labia.The area is painful and itchy.Pelvic examination shows the presence of a 0.7-cm flat,white area on the right labia majora.A biopsy specimen shows dysplastie cel that ocupyabout half the thickness of the squam with minimal underlying chronic infammation. In situ hybridization shows uman papill mavirus type 16 DNA in the epithelial cells.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis？?（ A Contart dermatitis Condylomaacuminatum Sq amous hyperplasi Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia E.Chronic vulvitis 40.An epidemiologic study of cancer deaths recorded in the last half of the 20th conducted. number of deaths for one type of cancer Which of the following neoplasms was most likely to be identified by this study?( A.Angiosarcoma of the liver B.Carcinoma of the lung

37. A clinical study involves patients diagnosed with carcinoma and whose tumor stage is T4N1M1. The patients’ survival rate 5 years from the time of diagnosis is less than 50%, regardless of therapy. Which of the following clinical findings is most likely to be characteristic of this group of patients? （） A. Cachexia B. Cardiac murmur C. Icterus D. Loss of sensation E. Splenomegaly 38. A previously healthy 20 year old man develops heart failure over a period of several days. He is febrile and complains to his friends that he has chest pain, but he does not seek medical attention. He dies and an autopsy is performed. Examination of the heart shows that both ventricles are dilated but otherwise the myocardium appears normal by gross visual inspection. An H&E-stained histologic section shows numerous inflammatory cells in the myocardium, more than 80% lymphocytes, which expand the interstitial spaces between individual myocytes and surround myocytes. Most of the myocytes are structurally intact and appear viable, although scattered individual myocytes are necrotic. The most likely explanation for this finding is（） A. Acute fungal myocarditis B. Acute myocardial infarction C. Acute rheumatic fever D. Marantic endocarditis E. Viral myocarditis 39. A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician because she recently noticed a pale area of discoloration on the labia. The area is painful and itchy. Pelvic examination shows the presence of a 0.7-cm flat, white area on the right labia majora. A biopsy specimen shows dysplastic cells that occupy about half the thickness of the squamous epithelium, with minimal underlying chronic inflammation. In situ hybridization shows human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in the epithelial cells. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? （） A. Contact dermatitis B. Condylomaacuminatum C. Squamous hyperplasia D. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia E. Chronic vulvitis 40. An epidemiologic study of cancer deaths recorded in the last half of the 20th century is conducted. The number of deaths for one particular type of cancer has been increasing in developed nations. Which of the following neoplasms was most likely to be identified by this study? （） A. Angiosarcoma of the liver B. Carcinoma of the lung